2017-02 - intervalIn, intervalDisjoint, monthOfYear added; TemporalUnit subclass of TemporalDuration
2016-06-15 - initial update of OWL-Time - modified to support arbitrary temporal reference systems.
An RDF/OWL vocabulary for representing spatial information
2016-12-20 - restore time:Year and time:January which were present in the 2006 version of the ontology, but now marked "deprecated".
OGC GeoSPARQL – A Geographic Query Language for RDF Data OGC 11-052r5
Copyright © 2006-2017 W3C, OGC. W3C and OGC liability, trademark and document use rules apply.
Update of OWL-Time ontology, extended to support general temporal reference systems. Ontology engineering by Simon J D Cox
2016-12-20 - adjust range of time:timeZone to time:TimeZone, moved up from the tzont ontology.
OWL-Time
2017-04-06 - hasTime, hasXSDDuration added; Number removed; all duration elements changed to xsd:decimal
Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1
Examples of a Contributor include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Contributor should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource.
Contributor
A second property with the same name as this property has been declared in the dcterms: namespace (http://purl.org/dc/terms/). See the Introduction to the document "DCMI Metadata Terms" (http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/) for an explanation.
Spatial topic and spatial applicability may be a named place or a location specified by its geographic coordinates. Temporal topic may be a named period, date, or date range. A jurisdiction may be a named administrative entity or a geographic place to which the resource applies. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the Thesaurus of Geographic Names [TGN]. Where appropriate, named places or time periods can be used in preference to numeric identifiers such as sets of coordinates or date ranges.
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant.
Coverage
Examples of a Creator include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Creator should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource.
Creator
Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF].
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.
Date
Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource.
An account of the resource.
Description
Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME].
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.
Format
Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.
Identifier
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646].
A language of the resource.
Language
Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service. Typically, the name of a Publisher should be used to indicate the entity.
An entity responsible for making the resource available.
Publisher
Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
A related resource.
Relation
Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights.
Information about rights held in and over the resource.
Rights
The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system.
A related resource from which the described resource is derived.
Source
Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary.
The topic of the resource.
Subject
A name given to the resource.
Title
Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element.
The nature or genre of the resource.
Type
OGC GeoSPARQL 1.0 Standard Working Group
This class represents the top-level feature type. This class is equivalent to GFI_Feature defined in ISO 19156:2011, and it is superclass of all feature types.
Feature
The class represents the top-level geometry type. This class is equivalent to the UML class GM_Object defined in ISO 19107, and it is superclass of all geometry types.
Geometry
The class spatial-object represents everything that can have a spatial representation. It is superclass of feature and geometry.
SpatialObject
The GML serialization of a geometry
asGML
The WKT serialization of a geometry
asWKT
The number of measurements or axes needed to describe the position of this geometry in a coordinate system.
coordinateDimension
The default geometry to be used in spatial calculations. It is Usually the most detailed geometry.
defaultGeometry
The topological dimension of this geometric object, which must be less than or equal to the coordinate dimension. In non-homogeneous collections, this will return the largest topological dimension of the contained objects.
dimension
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*TFF*FF*
contains
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially covered by the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFF*TFT**
coveredBy
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially covers the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*TFT*FF*
covers
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially equals the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFFTFFFT
equals
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially inside the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFF*FFT**
inside
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially meets the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FT******* ^ F**T***** ^ F***T****
meet
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T***T**
overlap
A GML serialization of a geometry object.
GML Literal
A spatial representation for a given feature.
hasGeometry
Connects a geometry object with its text-based serialization.
has serialization
(true) if this geometric object is the empty Geometry. If true, then this geometric object represents the empty point set for the coordinate space.
isEmpty
(true) if this geometric object has no anomalous geometric points, such as self intersection or self tangency.
isSimple
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FFTFFTTTT
disconnected
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially meets the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FFTFTTTTT
externally connected
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially inside the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFTFFTTT
non-tangential proper part
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTFFTFFT
non-tangential proper part inverse
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially overlaps the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTTTTTTT
partially overlapping
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially covered by the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TFFTTFTTT
tangential proper part
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially covers the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: TTTFTTFFT
tangential proper part inverse
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially contains the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*****FF*
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially crosses the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*T******
crosses
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FF*FF****
disjoint
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is not spatially disjoint from the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T******** ^ *T******* ^ ***T***** ^ ****T****
intersects
overlaps
Exists if the subject SpatialObject spatially touches the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: FT******* ^ F**T***** ^ F***T****
touches
Exists if the subject SpatialObject is spatially within the object SpatialObject. DE-9IM: T*F**F***
within
The number of measurements or axes needed to describe the spatial position of this geometry in a coordinate system.
spatialDimension
A Well-known Text serialization of a geometry object.
Well-known Text Literal
Description of date and time structured with separate values for the various elements of a calendar-clock system. The temporal reference system is fixed to Gregorian Calendar, and the range of year, month, day properties restricted to corresponding XML Schema types xsd:gYear, xsd:gMonth and xsd:gDay, respectively.
Date-Time description
DateTimeInterval is a subclass of ProperInterval, defined using the multi-element DateTimeDescription.
Date-time interval
:DateTimeInterval can only be used for an interval whose limits coincide with a date-time element aligned to the calendar and timezone indicated. For example, while both have a duration of one day, the 24-hour interval beginning at midnight at the beginning of 8 May in Central Europe can be expressed as a :DateTimeInterval, but the 24-hour interval starting at 1:30pm cannot.
The day of week
Day of week
Remove enumeration from definition, in order to allow other days to be used when required in other calendars. NOTE: existing days are still present as members of the class, but the class membership is now open. In the original OWL-Time the following constraint appeared: owl:oneOf ( time:Monday time:Tuesday time:Wednesday time:Thursday time:Friday time:Saturday time:Sunday ) ;
Membership of the class :DayOfWeek is open, to allow for alternative week lengths and different day names.
Duration of a temporal extent expressed as a number scaled by a temporal unit
Time duration
Alternative to time:DurationDescription to support description of a temporal duration other than using a calendar/clock system.
Description of temporal extent structured with separate values for the various elements of a calendar-clock system. The temporal reference system is fixed to Gregorian Calendar, and the range of each of the numeric properties is restricted to xsd:decimal
Duration description
In the Gregorian calendar the length of the month is not fixed. Therefore, a value like "2.5 months" cannot be exactly compared with a similar duration expressed in terms of weeks or days.
Friday
Freitag
Piątek
Sexta-feira
Vendredi
Venerdì
Viernes
Vrijdag
Пятница
الجمعة
星期五
金曜日
Description of date and time structured with separate values for the various elements of a calendar-clock system
Generalized date-time description
Some combinations of properties are redundant - for example, within a specified :year if :dayOfYear is provided then :day and :month can be computed, and vice versa. Individual values should be consistent with each other and the calendar, indicated through the value of the :hasTRS property.
Description of temporal extent structured with separate values for the various elements of a calendar-clock system.
Generalized duration description
The extent of a time duration expressed as a GeneralDurationDescription depends on the Temporal Reference System. In some calendars the length of the week or month is not constant within the year. Therefore, a value like "2.5 months" may not necessarily be exactly compared with a similar duration expressed in terms of weeks or days. When non-earth-based calendars are considered even more care must be taken in comparing durations.
A temporal entity with zero extent or duration
Time instant
A temporal entity with an extent or duration
Time interval
This class was present in the 2006 version of OWL-Time. It was presented as an example of how DateTimeDescription could be specialized, but does not belong in the revised ontology.
Monday
Lundi
Lunedì
Lunes
Maandag
Montag
Poniedziałek
Segunda-feira
Понедельник
الاثنين
星期一
月曜日
The month of the year
Month of year
Feature at risk - added in 2017 revision, and not yet widely used.
Membership of the class :MonthOfYear is open, to allow for alternative annual calendars and different month names.
A temporal entity with non-zero extent or duration, i.e. for which the value of the beginning and end are different
Proper interval
Saturday
Sabato
Samedi
Samstag
Sobota
Sábado
Zaterdag
Суббота
السبت
土曜日
星期六
Sunday
Dimanche
Domenica
Domingo
Niedziela
Sonntag
Zondag
Воскресенье
الأحد (يوم)
日曜日
星期日
A temporal reference system, such as a temporal coordinate system (with an origin, direction, and scale), a calendar-clock combination, or a (possibly hierarchical) ordinal system. This is a stub class, representing the set of all temporal reference systems.
Temporal Reference System
A taxonomy of temporal reference systems is provided in ISO 19108:2002 [ISO19108], including (a) calendar + clock systems; (b) temporal coordinate systems (i.e. numeric offset from an epoch); (c) temporal ordinal reference systems (i.e. ordered sequence of named intervals, not necessarily of equal duration).
Time extent; duration of a time interval separate from its particular start position
Temporal duration
A temporal interval or instant.
Temporal entity
A position on a time-line
Temporal position
A standard duration, which provides a scale factor for a time extent, or the granularity or precision for a time position.
Temporal unit
Remove enumeration from definition, in order to allow other units to be used when required in other coordinate systems. NOTE: existing units are still present as members of the class, but the class membership is now open. In the original OWL-Time the following constraint appeared: owl:oneOf ( time:unitSecond time:unitMinute time:unitHour time:unitDay time:unitWeek time:unitMonth time:unitYear ) ;
Membership of the class TemporalUnit is open, to allow for other temporal units used in some technical applications (e.g. millions of years, Baha'i month).
Thursday
Czwartek
Donderdag
Donnerstag
Giovedì
Jeudi
Jueves
Quinta-feira
Четверг
الخميس
星期四
木曜日
A temporal position described using either a (nominal) value from an ordinal reference system, or a (numeric) value in a temporal coordinate system.
Time position
A Time Zone specifies the amount by which the local time is offset from UTC. A time zone is usually denoted geographically (e.g. Australian Eastern Daylight Time), with a constant value in a given region. The region where it applies and the offset from UTC are specified by a locally recognised governing authority.
Time Zone
In the original 2006 version of OWL-Time, the TimeZone class, with several properties corresponding to a specific model of time-zones, was defined in a separate namespace "http://www.w3.org/2006/timezone#". In the current version a class with same local name is put into the main OWL-Time namespace, removing the dependency on the external namespace. An alignment axiom tzont:TimeZone rdfs:subClassOf time:TimeZone . allows data encoded according to the previous version to be consistent with the updated ontology.
A designated timezone is associated with a geographic region. However, for a particular region the offset from UTC often varies seasonally, and the dates of the changes may vary from year to year. The timezone designation usually changes for the different seasons (e.g. Australian Eastern Standard Time vs. Australian Eastern Daylight Time). Furthermore, the offset for a timezone may change over longer timescales, though its designation might not. Detailed guidance about working with time zones is given in http://www.w3.org/TR/timezone/ .
An ontology for time zone descriptions was described in [owl-time-20060927] and provided as RDF in a separate namespace tzont:. However, that ontology was incomplete in scope, and the example datasets were selective. Furthermore, since the use of a class from an external ontology as the range of an ObjectProperty in OWL-Time creates a dependency, reference to the time zone class has been replaced with the 'stub' class in the normative part of this version of OWL-Time.
In this implementation TimeZone has no properties defined. It should be thought of as an 'abstract' superclass of all specific timezone implementations.
Tuesday
Dienstag
Dinsdag
Mardi
Martedì
Martes
Terça-feira
Wtorek
Вторник
الثلاثاء
星期二
火曜日
Wednesday
Mercoledì
Mercredi
Mittwoch
Miércoles
Quarta-feira
Woensdag
Środa
Среда
الأربعاء
星期三
水曜日
Year
Year was proposed in the 2006 version of OWL-Time as an example of how DurationDescription could be specialized to allow for a duration to be restricted to a number of years. It is deprecated in this edition of OWL-Time.
Anno
Année (calendrier)
Ano
Año
Jaar
Jahr
Rok
Год
سنة
Gives directionality to time. If a temporal entity T1 is after another temporal entity T2, then the beginning of T1 is after the end of T2.
after
Gives directionality to time. If a temporal entity T1 is before another temporal entity T2, then the end of T1 is before the beginning of T2. Thus, "before" can be considered to be basic to instants and derived for intervals.
before
Day position in a calendar-clock system. The range of this property is not specified, so can be replaced by any specific representation of a calendar day from any calendar.
day
The day of week, whose value is a member of the class time:DayOfWeek
day of week
The number of the day within the year
day of year
length of, or element of the length of, a temporal extent expressed in days
days duration
Day of month - formulated as a text string with a pattern constraint to reproduce the same lexical form as gDay, except that values up to 99 are permitted, in order to support calendars with more than 31 days in a month. Note that the value-space is not defined, so a generic OWL2 processor cannot compute ordering relationships of values of this type.
Generalized day
Month of year - formulated as a text string with a pattern constraint to reproduce the same lexical form as gMonth, except that values up to 20 are permitted, in order to support calendars with more than 12 months in the year. Note that the value-space is not defined, so a generic OWL2 processor cannot compute ordering relationships of values of this type.
Generalized month
Year number - formulated as a text string with a pattern constraint to reproduce the same lexical form as gYear, but not restricted to values from the Gregorian calendar. Note that the value-space is not defined, so a generic OWL2 processor cannot compute ordering relationships of values of this type.
Generalized year
Beginning of a temporal entity
has beginning
Beginning of a temporal entity.
Value of DateTimeInterval expressed as a structured value. The beginning and end of the interval coincide with the limits of the shortest element in the description.
has Date-Time description
Duration of a temporal entity, expressed as a scaled value or nominal value
has duration
Duration of a temporal entity, event or activity, or thing, expressed as a scaled value
Duration of a temporal entity, expressed using a structured description
has duration description
End of a temporal entity.
has end
The temporal reference system used by a temporal position or extent description.
Temporal reference system used
Duration of a temporal entity.
has temporal duration
Supports the association of a temporal entity (instant or interval) to any thing
has time
Extent of a temporal entity, expressed using xsd:duration
has XSD duration
Hour position in a calendar-clock system.
hour
length of, or element of the length of, a temporal extent expressed in hours
hours duration
Position of an instant, expressed using a structured description
in date-time description
Position of a time instant
Position of an instant, expressed as a temporal coordinate or nominal value
Position of a time instant expressed as a TimePosition
Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:date
in XSD date
Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:dateTime
in XSD Date-Time
The property :inXSDDateTime is replaced by :inXSDDateTimeStamp which makes the time-zone field mandatory.
Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:dateTimeStamp
in XSD Date-Time-Stamp
Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:gYear
in XSD g-Year
Position of an instant, expressed using xsd:gYearMonth
in XSD g-YearMonth
An instant that falls inside the interval. It is not intended to include beginnings and ends of intervals.
has time instant inside
If a proper interval T1 is intervalAfter another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is after the end of T2.
interval after
If a proper interval T1 is intervalBefore another proper interval T2, then the end of T1 is before the beginning of T2.
interval before
If a proper interval T1 is intervalContains another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is before the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is after the end of T2.
interval contains
If a proper interval T1 is intervalDisjoint another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is after the end of T2, or the end of T1 is before the beginning of T2, i.e. the intervals do not overlap in any way, but their ordering relationship is not known.
interval disjoint
This interval relation is not included in the 13 basic relationships defined in Allen (1984), but is defined in (T.3) as the union of :intervalBefore v :intervalAfter . However, that is outside OWL2 expressivity, so is implemented as an explicit property, with :intervalBefore , :intervalAfter as sub-properties
If a proper interval T1 is intervalDuring another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is after the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is before the end of T2.
interval during
If a proper interval T1 is intervalEquals another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is coincident with the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is coincident with the end of T2.
interval equals
If a proper interval T1 is intervalFinishedBy another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is before the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is coincident with the end of T2.
interval finished by
If a proper interval T1 is intervalFinishes another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is after the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is coincident with the end of T2.
interval finishes
If a proper interval T1 is intervalIn another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is after the beginning of T2 or is coincident with the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is before the end of T2, or is coincident with the end of T2, except that end of T1 may not be coincident with the end of T2 if the beginning of T1 is coincident with the beginning of T2.
interval in
This interval relation is not included in the 13 basic relationships defined in Allen (1984), but is referred to as 'an important relationship' in Allen and Ferguson (1997). It is the disjoint union of :intervalStarts v :intervalDuring v :intervalFinishes . However, that is outside OWL2 expressivity, so is implemented as an explicit property, with :intervalStarts , :intervalDuring , :intervalFinishes as sub-properties
If a proper interval T1 is intervalMeets another proper interval T2, then the end of T1 is coincident with the beginning of T2.
interval meets
If a proper interval T1 is intervalMetBy another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is coincident with the end of T2.
interval met by
If a proper interval T1 is intervalOverlappedBy another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is after the beginning of T2, the beginning of T1 is before the end of T2, and the end of T1 is after the end of T2.
interval overlapped by
If a proper interval T1 is intervalOverlaps another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is before the beginning of T2, the end of T1 is after the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is before the end of T2.
interval overlaps
If a proper interval T1 is intervalStarted another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is coincident with the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is after the end of T2.
interval started by
If a proper interval T1 is intervalStarts another proper interval T2, then the beginning of T1 is coincident with the beginning of T2, and the end of T1 is before the end of T2.
interval starts
Minute position in a calendar-clock system.
minute
length, or element of, a temporal extent expressed in minutes
minutes
Month position in a calendar-clock system. The range of this property is not specified, so can be replaced by any specific representation of a calendar month from any calendar.
month
The month of the year, whose value is a member of the class time:MonthOfYear
month of year
length of, or element of the length of, a temporal extent expressed in months
months duration
The (nominal) value indicating temporal position in an ordinal reference system
Name of temporal position
Value of a temporal extent expressed as a decimal number scaled by a temporal unit
Numeric value of temporal duration
The (numeric) value indicating position within a temporal coordinate system
Numeric value of temporal position
Second position in a calendar-clock system.
second
length of, or element of the length of, a temporal extent expressed in seconds
seconds duration
The time zone for clock elements in the temporal position
in time zone
In the original 2006 version of OWL-Time, the range of time:timeZone was a TimeZone class in a separate namespace "http://www.w3.org/2006/timezone#". An alignment axiom tzont:TimeZone rdfs:subClassOf time:TimeZone . allows data encoded according to the previous version to be consistent with the updated ontology.
IANA maintains a database of timezones. These are well maintained and generally considered authoritative, but individual items are not available at individual URIs, so cannot be used directly in data expressed using OWL-Time. DBPedia provides a set of resources corresponding to the IANA timezones, with a URI for each (e.g. http://dbpedia.org/resource/Australia/Eucla). The World Clock service also provides a list of time zones with the description of each available as an individual webpage with a convenient individual URI (e.g. https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zones/acwst). These or other, similar, resources might be used as a value of the time:timeZone property.
Day (unit of temporal duration)
Tag
dag
dia
doba
día
giorno
jour
يوماً ما
ある日
一天
언젠가
Hour (unit of temporal duration)
Stunde
godzina
heure
hora
ora
uur
ساعة واحدة
一小時
一時間
한 시간
Minute (unit of temporal duration)
Minute
minuta
minuto
minuut
одна минута
دقيقة واحدة
一分
等一下
Month (unit of temporal duration)
maand
mes
mese
miesiąc
mois
monat
один месяц
شهر واحد
一か月
一個月
한달
Second (unit of temporal duration)
Sekunde
Sekundę
seconde
secondo
segundo
ثانية واحدة
一秒
일초
The temporal unit which provides the precision of a date-time value or scale of a temporal extent
temporal unit type
Week (unit of temporal duration)
Woche
semaine
semana
settimana
tydzień
week
одна неделя
سبوع واحد
一周
一週間
일주일
Year (unit of temporal duration)
1 년
1年
anno
ano
jaar
un año
year
один год
سنة واحدة
一年
Week number within the year.
Weeks are numbered differently depending on the calendar in use and the local language or cultural conventions (locale). ISO-8601 specifies that the first week of the year includes at least four days, and that Monday is the first day of the week. In that system, week 1 is the week that contains the first Thursday in the year.
length of, or element of the length of, a temporal extent expressed in weeks
weeks duration
Value of DateTimeInterval expressed as a compact value.
has XSD date-time
Using xsd:dateTime in this place means that the duration of the interval is implicit: it corresponds to the length of the smallest non-zero element of the date-time literal. However, this rule cannot be used for intervals whose duration is more than one rank smaller than the starting time - e.g. the first minute or second of a day, the first hour of a month, or the first day of a year. In these cases the desired interval cannot be distinguished from the interval corresponding to the next rank up. Because of this essential ambiguity, use of this property is not recommended and it is deprecated.
Year position in a calendar-clock system. The range of this property is not specified, so can be replaced by any specific representation of a calendar year from any calendar.
length of, or element of the length of, a temporal extent expressed in years
years duration