Field Crops Research

These are the data files to support the submitted manuscripts. Data and GenStat ANOVA and regression outputs are given for yield, boll number and intra-canopy distribution & lint quality. Regressions for radiation vs boll number and lint yield

Data for model calibration and evaluation

Excel file contains the 3 supplemental tables in the manuscript. Table S1 contains individual tabs for each of the eight study sites (S1 to S8). Tables S2-S3 are individual tabs. Supplementary Table S1. 10 m resolution QA/QC data for each study site including: location, elevation, hydrogeophyscial surveys of EMI and neutron intensity, Landsat GCVI by year, crop yield by year, and First EOF of each covariate. Supplementary Table S2. Summary of MLR and RF fitting coefficients and statistical metrics by site and crop type. Supplementary Table S3. Summary of MLR and RF fitting coefficients and statistical metrics by site, crop type, and year. Supplementary R Code and results for sites S1 to S8 by crop.

Detailed data of Anet, Gs, Ls, SPAD, LAI and AGR at different growth stages in early rice and late rice from 2013 to 2016

On-farm Performance and Farmers’ Participatory Assessment of New Stress-Tolerant Maize Hybrids in Eastern Africa Two sets of varieties, one with 12 early-to-intermediate maturing (EI) hybrids and the other with 13 intermediate-to-late maturing (IL) hybrids, were evaluated on-farm under smallholder farmers’ conditions. The varieties included pre-commercial CIMMYT test hybrids, internal genetic gain checks, popular commercial hybrid checks, and one farmer’s check variety. The on-farm trials were conducted in 2016 and 2017 in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda under rainfed conditions and farmers’ management, except at KALRO-Kiboko station where supplementary irrigation was used. The EI varieties were evaluated at a total of 60 environments (site-year-management combinations), the IL varieties were evaluated at 54 environments; grain-yield data were collected successfully at 42 and 40 environments, respectively. For each entry, field weight was recorded from all ears in the four central rows (15 m2), and grain yield (t ha-1) was estimated. To evaluate new maize hybrid varieties, farmers were invited to observe them in the field, at mid-season and at harvest. Participants were shown one replication of the trial, containing one variety per plot. The evaluation was double blind, and the order in which plots were evaluated were randomized. The tool a questionnaire with three components: socioeconomic characteristics, plant traits, and overall performance evaluation. The first component included socioeconomic characteristics of the respondent and maize production characteristics. The second component was a table with a list of traits. For each trait, participants quantified its importance on a scale of 0 (not important) to 3 (very important). The third component was a continuation of the same table, with one column for each variety, identified by the plot number in the column head, and a row for each trait. The participant was asked to score each variety on a five-point Likert scale, where A = like strongly, B = like, C = neither like nor dislike, D = dislike, E = dislike strongly. In the final row, participants scored the variety for overall performance. A total of 2,025 farmers took part in the evaluations. The data of these trials were assembled in five data files (Table 1). Since the data cover different years and sites, where site numbers may have been repeated and randomized across the districts, key variables are to be considered together in the identification of unique records, as explained in the table below. # File Key variables 1 Respondent characteristics END_SERIAL_NO and SITE_NUMBER 2 Criteria for importance END_SERIAL_NO and SITE_NUMBER 3 Participatory evaluation END_SERIAL_NO, SITE_NUMBER, CATEGORY, YEAR and VARIETY 4 Plot level data yield and mean pve trait scores SITE_NUMBER, CATEGORY, YEAR and VARIETY 5 Regional On-Farm Trials (roft) early-intermed site and randomization SITE_NUMBER, CATEGORY, YEAR Plot and VARIETY

CIMMYT’s durum wheat breeding program performed parallel selection in conventional tilled (CT) and ZT soils with the aim to compare the effect of selection under either CT or ZT on the performance of selected progenies. From 16 initial crosses, 234 lines were selected under CT and 250 under ZT. All 484 lines were subsequently tested for yield and growth traits during three seasons (winter 2012-2013, 2013-2014 and 2014-2015) near Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico in three different testing environments. Those included ZT and CT with full irrigation and CT with reduced irrigation. The experiment was set-up as an alpha lattice design with three replications for each testing environment. Within each replication, genotypes were arranged randomly in three blocks of 160 and 170 genotypes. The dataset includes the following data: days to heading (DH), plant height (PHT), grain yield (GY) and two NDVI values (NDVI1 and NDVI2). Throughout the experiment, NDVI readings were recorded at regular intervals and growth curves were created based on the obtained data. For analysis, two values were selected, one measurement during early vegetative growth (NDVI1), around four weeks after planting, and the second at maximum growth (NDVI2).

Temporal monthly temperature/precipitation distribution from 2007 to 2017 at the Heyang Dryland Agriculture Research Station. It is the data foundation of Figs. 2 and 3 and Table 2 in the submitted manuscript.

The information of yield, ET, soil water recharge during through fallow, and WUE was included in this file. It is the data foundation of Figs.3 and 4 and Tables 3-5 in the manuscript.

Soil water dynamics in the 0-200 cm profile during the growth and fallow seasons. It is the data foundation of Tables 6 and 7 and Figs. 5 and 6 in the present paper.

Excel spreadsheet file of processed data for 9 genotypes x 19 environments x 3 replicates, for all variables reported in the manuscript.