Journal of Cereal Science

Intact proteoform profiling of glutenin fractions from two Canadian breadwheat varieties and 28 F5 crosses. Masses range from 18-88 kDa were deconvolved using MaxEnt1 deconvolution from non-monoisotopically resolved data. Proteoform abundances were expressed as MaxEnt1 peak areas using a custom algorithm. Proteoforms were grouped within samples (WSG) to eliminate artifacts and proteoforms occurring in adjacent deconvolution windows. A similar grouping algorithm (ASG) was used to provide common proteoform numbers (ASG numbers) across each sample set. Control sample data from each set were extracted and compared pair-wise to a common set (set 1) to obtain linear regression coefficients to correct retention time and abundance shifts between sample sets (CHKNorm procedure). These coefficients were then used to correct sample set data to render them comparable. Proteoform abundances were not retained unless detected in both replicates for that sample. A 20% RSD threshold (replicate abundances) was calculated from replicate variability across the data set and candidate proteoforms not present in at least one sample above this threshold (4.3 million counts) were eliminated from the final dataset.

Tables containing all measured traits for all quinoa seed considered in this study and relative 3D image data sets

High temperature has a negative impact on wheat grain quality and reduces market value. Emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank), one of the earliest domesticated wheat species, is a source of genetic diversity for the improvement of heat and drought tolerance in modern wheat. However, the potential of emmer wheat for the improvement of grain physical quality under heat stress is little studied. A diverse set of emmer-based hexaploid lines were developed by crossing emmer wheat with hexaploid wheat and backcrossing once to hexaploid wheat. These materials, representing seven hexaploid recurrent parents and seven commercial cultivars, were evaluated at two times of sowing (E1 and E2) in the field, in 2015–2016. The materials were genotyped using a 90K SNP platform and these data were used to estimate the contribution of emmer wheat to the progeny. Significant phenotypic and genetic variation for grain physical quality traits including protein content and test weight was observed. High temperature significantly increased protein content and decreased test weight. Large scale field phenotyping identified emmer progeny with improved grain characteristic compared to their respective parents and commercial cultivars in both environments. A few families consistently produced higher trait means across environments compared to their recurrent parents. The emmer wheat parent contributed between 1 and 37% of the genome in emmer-based genotypes. Selected emmer derived lines with superior protein content and test weight, tended to have a greater genetic contribution from the emmer parent, ranging from 12 – 37% and 7 – 37% in E1 and E2, respectively. It was concluded that new genetic variation for seed traits, such as protein content and test weight, can be introduced to hexaploid wheat from emmer wheat. The newly developed emmer derivatives identified with enhanced grain quality under heat stress can potentially be used to improve grain quality through breeding.

Grain protein concentration and composition are key factors affecting winter wheat quality and are influenced by wheat genotype, available fertility, and growing conditions. These same parameters can affect free asparagine concentration in grain, and elevated asparagine can lead to acrylamide production in baked food products, which can be a health concern. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of genotype, nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) fertility on protein concentration, protein quality, dough rheology, and asparagine concentration in winter wheat grown on S-deficient soils. Treatments were arranged in a 3x2x4 factorial design in 2017 and 3x2x5 factorial design in 2018. There were three levels of N (56, 101 and 146 kg ha-1), two levels of S (0 and 22 kg ha-1), four levels of genotype in 2017, and five levels of genotype in 2018. Protein composition was evaluated as the percent polymeric protein using size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. In both years, the ratio of polymeric to monomeric protein was increased by sulfur fertilization. Solvent retention capacity (SRC) was evaluated using the whole grain lactic acid-sodium dodecyl sulfate test. In 2018, S application increased the SRC by 217% to 308%. However, in 2017, SRC improvement was limited to two genotypes and was modest, likely a consequence of the reduced protein concentration in S-treated plots. Free asparagine concentration averaged 9.8 µmol/g and 20.9 µmol/g in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Asparagine concentration in grain was affected by N, S, genotype, and their interactions. Sulfur application substantially reduced asparagine concentrations in both years. Dough rheology was evaluated in the 2018 trial using the farinograph test. Sulfur application increased average farinograph stability from 9.2 min to 14.6 min. Farinograph stability was effectively predicted by the SRC test (R2=0.78). These results demonstrate the importance of ensuring adequate S fertility in winter wheat production.

Avenathramide data collected in 2017, 2018 and averaged over the two years for 100 oat genotypes grown at three locations in Illinois.

Supplementary files for JCS manuscript

Data for "Characterization of the in vitro digestion of starch and fermentation kinetics of sorghum grains soaked or reconstituted and ensiled to be used in pig nutrition"

Supplementary data

data for cereal science

The table shows change in gelatinization temperatures (onset, maximum and conclusion) and enthalpies at certain levels of pressure, temperature and soaking times for both germinated and non-germinated foxtail millet grain flour.