Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy

The delivery of healthcare including the provision of pharmacy services globally is highly regulated internationally in order to protect public health and welfare. However, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated the need internationally to amend the model of regulation in order to ensure that people were able to continue to access a range of healthcare services in a timely and effective manner. Many of the changes introduced to the regulation of pharmacy services in Ireland have been replicated in other countries including the introduction of electronic means to transmit prescriptions and other orders for medications, relaxing the legal restrictions in place controlling the emergency supply of prescription only medicines and more fully utilizing the professional competency of pharmacists by empowering them to use their expertise and judgment to support their patients accessing the healthcare services that they need. Many of the regulatory changes that have been introduced to support the COVID-19 public health emergency effort are ones that pharmacists have previously sought to enable them provide a more effective and expanded model of pharmaceutical care to their patients. Accordingly, many pharmacists will want these regulatory changes to be retained and further expanded in the aftermath of the COVID-19 public health emergency in order to extend their scope of practice and support them in the care of their patients

This data set includes the number of males and females on the committees of various Australian pharmacy related organisations from 1998-2018.

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA – Table of the themes and codes used for the analysis And SUPPLEMENTARY DATA – Semi-structured interview guide used for the focus-groups with community pharmacists

Limited data exist on the facilitators and barriers to implementing electronic systems for medicines management in hospitals. Whilst numerous studies advocate system use in improved patient safety and efficiency within the health service, their rate of adoption in practice has been slow. Key stakeholders perceptions towards the facilitators and barriers to implementing electronic prescribing systems, robotic pharmacy systems, and automated medication storage and retrieval systems in public hospital settings using Normalization Process Theory as a theoretical framework were explored. Individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted in three public hospitals in Ireland with 23 consenting participants: nine nurses; four pharmacists; two pharmacy technicians; six doctors; and two Information Technology managers. Enhanced patient safety and efficiency in healthcare delivery emerged as key facilitators to system implementation, as well as the need to have clinical champions and a multi-disciplinary implementation team to promote engagement and cognitive participation. Key barriers included inadequate training and organisational support, and the need for ease and confidence in system use to achieve collective action. Many themes that are potentially transferable to other national settings have been identified and extend the evidence base. This will assist organisations around the world to better plan for implementation of medication-related eHealth systems.

Search Terms

The presented data refer to a study aimed to review the premise that a specific personality may be a predictor for the career choices made by pharmacy students that entail building a therapeutic relationship with the patient as part of practising PhC. The study was conducted in a group of 211 students at the Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University in Lublin, aged 21 - 30 (M=23.17; SD=1.26). The reference group (n=83) was composed of respondents declaring preference for a professional path that implies direct contacts with the patient (mainly retail pharmacy at a commercial chemist’s). The control group was composed of students who declared preference for a professional path which does not entail direct contacts with patients. The study employed the Polish versions of the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory and the Schwartz Value Survey.

Interview transcripts and quotes from participants

Data from 429 patients were collected (consecutive sampling) either during their visit to the outpatient clinic or during their stay on the neurological ward in the Department of Neurology at the Jena University Hospital between January and May 2018. Neurological disorders mainly comprised movement disorders, cerebrovascular disorders, epilepsy, peripheral neurological disorders, inflammatory central nervous disorders. Demographical data include: age, gender, marital status, living situation, level of education, occupation, medical history such as diseases and details of their medication (who takes care of their daily medication and how much medication they take each day). Adherence was assessed using the German Stendal Adherence to Medication Score (SAMS) which is an extension of the validated German Essen Compliance Score to assess adherence (Franke et al. 2009; Jäger et al. 2009; Türk et al. 2009). The SAMS questionnaire includes 18 questions forming a cumulative scale (0 - 72) in which 0 indicates complete adherence and 72 complete non-adherence. It is generally considered that suboptimal adherence becomes clinically significant when <80% of prescribed medication is taken (DiMatteo 2004; Malek, Heath, and Greene 2017; Offord et al. 2013; Karve et al. 2009). This leads to a study- and sample-specific SAMS cut-off of 10 points for a clinical meaningful/significant non-adherence in the current dataset. The patients can then be categorized into i) fully adherent (SAMS = 0), ii) moderate non-adherent (SAMS 1 - 10) and non-adherent (SAMS > 10). References DiMatteo, M. R. 2004. 'Variations in patients' adherence to medical recommendations: a quantitative review of 50 years of research', Med Care,42:200-9. Franke, GH., M. Jagla, J. Reimer, et al. 2009. 'Erfassung von Medikamenten-Compliance bei erfolgreich Nierentransplantierten mit einer erweiterten Version des Morisky-Scores – dem Essener Compliance Score (ECS)', Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, Medizinische Psychologie. Jäger, S., GH. Franke, J. Reimer, et al. 2009. 'Der Zusammenhang zwischen Medikamenten-Compliance und gesundheitsbezogener Lebensqualität bei Nierentransplantierten.', AK Klinische Psychologie im BDP: Psychische Störungen in der somatischen Rehabilitation:79-93. Karve, S., M. A. Cleves, M. Helm, et al. 2009. 'Good and poor adherence: optimal cut-point for adherence measures using administrative claims data', Curr Med Res Opin,25:2303-10. Malek, N., C. A. Heath, J. Greene. 2017. 'A review of medication adherence in people with epilepsy', Acta Neurol Scand, 135:507-15. Offord, S., J. Lin, B. Wong, et al. 2013. 'Impact of oral antipsychotic medication adherence on healthcare resource utilization among schizophrenia patients with Medicare coverage', Community Ment Health J, 49:625-9. Türk, T., GH. Franke, M. Jagla, et al. 2009. 'Development of the Essen Compliance Score – Measurement of adherence in kidney transplant patients', American Journal of Transplantation, 9.

The dataset includes reference list of the included studies, the extracted data for both extraction rounds and the analysis of the results presented in the paper.

Semi structured interview guides