2456 results
Contributors: Sona Nadenichek Golder
Date: 2016-12-12
... Political parties who wish to exercise executive power in parliamentary democracies are typically forced to enter some form of coalition. Parties can either form a pre-electoral coalition prior to election or they can compete independently and form a government coalition afterwards. While there is a vast literature on government coalitions, little is known about pre-electoral coalitions. I present a systematic analysis of these coalitions using a new dataset I constructed containing information on all potential pre-electoral coalition dyads in 20 industrialized parliamentary democracies from 1946 to 1998. I find that pre-electoral coalitions are more likely to form between ideologically compatible parties. They are also more likely to form when the expected coalition size is large (but not too large) and the potential coalition partners are similar in size. Finally, they are more likely to form if the party system is ideologically polarized and the electoral rules are disproportional.
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Contributors: Hill, Benjamin Mako, Shaw, Aaron
Date: 2016-12-12
... This contains data and software for the following paper: Hill, Benjamin Mako and Shaw, Aaron. (2014) "Consider the Redirect: A Missing Dimension of Wikipedia Research." In Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Open Collaboration (OpenSym 2014). ACM Press. doi: 10.1145/2641580.2641616 This is an archival version of the data and software released with the paper. All of these data were originally (and, at the time of writing, continue to be) hosted at: https://communitydata.cc/wiki-redirects/ In wikis, redirects are special pages in that silently take readers from the page they are visiting to another page in the wiki. In the English Wikipedia, redirects make up more than half of all article pages. Different Wikipedia data sources handle redirects differently. For example, the MediaWiki API will automatically "follow" redirects but the XML database dumps treat redirects like normal articles. In both cases, redirects are often invisible to researchers. Because redirects constitute a majority of all pages and see a large portion of all traffic, Wikipedia researchers need to take redirects into account or their findings may be incomplete or incorrect. For example, the histogram on this page shows the distribution of edits across pages in Wikipedia for every page, and for non-redirects only. Because redirects are almost never edited, the distributions are very different. Similarly, because redirects are viewed but almost never edited, any study of views over articles should also take redirects into account. Because redirects can change over time, the snapshots of redirects stored by Wikimedia and published by Wikimedia Foundation are incomplete. Taking redirects into account fully involves looking at the content of every single revision of every article to determine both when and where pages redirect. Much more detail can be found in Consider the Redirect: A Missing Dimension of Wikipedia Research — a short paper that we have written to accompany this dataset and these tools. If you use this software or these data, we would appreciate if you cite the paper. This dataset was previously hosted at this now obsolete URL: http://networkcollectiv.es/wiki-redirects/
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Contributors: William Roberts Clark, Matt Golder, Sona N. Golder
Date: 2016-12-12
... The construction of a monetary union with a single currency in Europe raises serious concerns for those who understand the democratic process as one in which social groups compete on different ideological programs. This is because it increasingly constrains national governments of different partisan hues to follow similar fiscal and monetary policies. Recent empirical studies indicate that these concerns might be somewhat misplaced since there is evidence that partisan convergence on macroeconomic policy predates these institutional developments. One problem with these studies, though, is that they fail to include the electoral system as a constraint on partisan behavior. Since electoral systems generate centripetal and centrifugal tendencies, we should only expect to find strong evidence for partisan differences where electoral rules encourage dispersion. We test this argument using data on fiscal policy from European Union countries between 1981 and 1992. We find that there is still no systematic evidence for partisan differences. Given this, it is hard to see how EMU can add to the democratic deficit in the European Union.
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Contributors: Sona Nadenichek Golder
Date: 2016-12-12
... Why do some parties coordinate their electoral strategies as part of a pre-electoral coalition, while others choose to compete independently at election time? Scholars have long ignored pre-electoral coalitions in favor of focusing on the government coalitions that form after parliamentary elections. Yet electoral coalitions are common, they affect electoral outcomes, and they have important implications for democratic policy-making itself. The Logic of Pre-Electoral Coalition Formation includes a combination of methodological approaches (game theoretic, statistical, and historical) to explain why pre-electoral coalitions form in some instances but not in others. The results indicate that pre-electoral coalitions are more likely to form between ideologically compatible parties. They are also more likely to form when the expected coalition size is large (but not too large) and when the potential coalition partners are similar in size. Ideologically polarized party systems and disproportional electoral rules in combination also increase the likelihood of electoral coalition formation. I link the analysis of pre-electoral coalition formation to the larger government coalition literature by showing that pre-electoral agreements increase (a) the likelihood that a party will enter government, (b) the ideological compatibility of governments, and (c) the speed with which governments take office. In addition, pre-electoral coalitions provide an opportunity for combining the best elements of the majoritarian vision of democracy with the best elements of the proportional vision o f democracy.
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Contributors: Sona N. Golder
Date: 2016-12-12
... Despite the vast coalition literature, pre-electoral coalitions have never been at the center of any systematic, cross-national research. Given their prevalence and potential impact on government composition and policies, this represents a serious omission in our knowledge of coalitions. I begin to remedy this situation by testing two hypotheses found in the literature on party coalitions. The first is that pre-electoral coalitions are more likely to form in disproportional systems if there is a sufficiently large number of parties. The second is that pre-electoral coalitions are more likely to form if voters face high uncertainty about the identity of future governments. These hypotheses are tested using a new dataset comprising legislative elections in 22 advanced industrialized countries between 1946 and 1998. The results of the statistical analysis support the first hypothesis, but not the second.
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Contributors: Han, Jihui
Date: 2016-12-08
... The graph of routers comprising the Internet can be organized into sub-graphs called Autonomous Systems (AS). Each AS exchanges traffic flows with some neighbors (peers). We can construct a communication network of who-talks-to- whom from the BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) logs.
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Contributors: Phansalkar, Rasika
Date: 2016-12-08
... Additional Data for the publication "Evolution of Quantitative Measures in NMR: Quantum Mechanical qHNMR Advances Chemical Standardization of a Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Extract" in the Journal of Natural Products
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Contributors: Hamilton, Stuart
Date: 2016-12-08
... Islands, Lake Victoria, Vector Polygon, ~2015 Reference Information and Units: Projected Coordinate System: Africa Lambert Conformal Conic ESRI:102024 (https://epsg.io/102024) GCS: GCS_WGS_1984 File Naming Convention: LV_Islands_Polygon.shp Data Origin: Created from using Shoreline data that was created from manual digitization from open-source imagery Data Development: This data was created by extracting all islands from the shoreline poly shapefile by using a combination or Erase, Explode, and delete to leave only internal LV Islands. Next the area of each island was calculated. These are the island polygons.
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Contributors: Hamilton, Stuart
Date: 2016-12-08
... Islands, Lake Victoria, Vector Polyline, ~2015 Reference Information and Units: Projected Coordinate System: Africa Lambert Conformal Conic ESRI:102024 (https://epsg.io/102024) GCS: GCS_WGS_1984 File Naming Convention: LV_Islands_Line.shp Data Origin: Created from using Shoreline data that was created from manual digitization from open-source imagery Data Development: This data was created by extracting all islands from the shoreline poly shapefile by using a combination or Erase, Explode, and delete to leave only internal LV Islands. Next the area of each island was calculated. These are the island polygons. Finally the polygons were converted to lines to form the island lines
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Contributors: Micah Altman, Phillip A. Klinkner
Date: 2016-12-07
... Major questions remain about the extent and political significance of White racial attitudes. In this paper, we examine an alternative source of data on racial attitudes -- actual voting on the purely symbolic repeal of antimiscegenation referenda. By applying cross-level (ecological) inference methods to this unique data, we find, surprisingly, that White voting behavior differs dramatically from what would be predicted based on previous survey research on public and private attitudes. This data provides all data necessary to replicate the article "MEASURING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WHITE VOTING AND POLLING ON INTERRACIAL MARRIAGE", and comprises a pre-election survey of Alabama adults, conducted by USA Polling Group, on behalf fo the authors, precinct level election data, and an extract from the 2004 cumulative Generual Social Survey
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