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Hlaváčová, Marcela Winter wheat under a water shortage environment: A dataset of yield formation parameters and above-ground biomass of twenty European genotypes Mendeley Data The datasets presented in this data article are raw data and supporting material for the study “Yield formation parameters of selected winter wheat genotypes in response to water shortage,” available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12040831. Twenty European winter wheat genotypes differing in their countries of origin were grown in a potted experimental design under ambient weather conditions in the vegetation hall (warm temperate climatic zone of Brno, Czech Republic) until their transfer to the phenotyping platform of a PlantScreenTM Modular System at Photon Systems Instruments, Ltd. (Drásov, Czech Republic) to simulate natural continual drying, as common during drought spells. The pots were divided into two categories: (i) drought-stress (continual drying of plants until 15% of the maximum soil water capacity [SWC], corresponding to the permanent wilting point) and (ii) control (plants were maintained at 70% of SWC) treatments that were applied from the beginning of stem elongation (DC 30; Zadoks decimal codes) to the grain development stage (DC 73–75). When 15% of the maximum SWC was reached in drought-stress treatments (after 32 days; equal to the DC 61–65 developmental stages), the experiment was terminated, and the drought-stressed plants were irrigated to 70% of SWC followed by 17 days of recovery. The plants were transported back to the vegetation hall after 49 days (at developmental stages DC 73–75). The responses of the genotypes to the different water treatments were evaluated by final yield formation parameters for main spikes at the fully ripe stage (DC 92) when all parts of the above-ground biomass of the plants were manually harvested and dried for 12 hours at 105 °C. The datasets can be implemented into crop growth models to improve predictions of future winter wheat production under changing climatic conditions and can contribute to decision-making processes during genotype selection for drought-prone cultivation areas. Raw data of above-ground biomass for main spikes of twenty European winter wheat genotypes are presented in Table 1. The relative drought-induced reductions/increases are presented in Table 2. The results of one-way ANOVAs with Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05, n ≥ 4) for each yield formation parameter within the drought-stress/control treatments are presented in Table 3. Agronomy Crop Science Abiotic Stress Drought Klem, Karel Pytela, Jaromír Veselá, Barbora Trnka, Miroslav Dataset doi:10.17632/f844ccgr9m.1 oai:data.mendeley.com/f844ccgr9m.1 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/f844ccgr9m 2022-06-29T14:14:35Z