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    <dc:creator>Onditi, Tonny Odhiambo</dc:creator>
    <dc:title>Effectiveness of Audio-Visual Instructional Methods in Improving English  Comprehension Skills among Public Senior Secondary School Students in Kakamega County </dc:title>
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    <dc:description>Research Data Description – 200 Words

Title: Effectiveness of Audio-Visual Instructional Methods in Improving English Comprehension Skills among Public Senior Secondary School Students in Kakamega County  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v9i2.51021

This study tested three hypotheses: H1 that audio-visual instructional methods significantly improve English comprehension compared to traditional methods; H2 that teacher ICT competence positively relates to effectiveness; and H3 that availability of AV resources moderates outcomes. Grounded in Mayer’s Multimedia Learning Theory, the study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with 200 Form 2 students from 4 public schools in Kakamega County. Two schools used audio-visual instruction for 8 weeks, while two used traditional methods.

Data included: 1) Student pretest and posttest scores on a 40-item English comprehension test measuring literal, inferential, and critical skills; 2) Teacher questionnaires on ICT competence; 3) Observation checklists on AV resource availability; and 4) FGDs and interviews.

Findings showed the experimental group gained 26.4 points vs 11.3 for the control group, t(198)=12.45, p&lt;.001, d=1.76. AV methods improved all sub-skills, especially inferential and critical comprehension. Teacher ICT competence, r=.62, p&lt;.01, and resource availability were key moderators. Qualitative data highlighted increased engagement but challenges with power and devices.

How to cite, T. (2026). Effectiveness of audio-visual instructional methods in improving English comprehension skills among public senior secondary school students in Kakamega County. Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 9 (2), 207-220.https://doi.org/10.34050/elsjish.v9i2.51021</dc:description>
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