2026-10-14T17:11:21Z https://data.mendeley.com/oai

oai:data.mendeley.com/k5dp6k9xp6.1 2026-09-03T21:08:00Z

Butler, Robert Butler, Butler and Singleton JEP 2026 - Penalties Mendeley Data Our dataset comprises 1,322 penalty kicks taken during 134 shootouts in the two elite English domestic cup competitions – The English Football League (EFL) Cup and The Football Association (FA) Cup. The data cover penalty shootouts from the third round onward through to the finals, for both competitions, from the 1992–1993 to 2025–2026 seasons. Players take penalties under intense pressure, while facing a subset of the crowd behind the goal who attempt to distract them through visual and auditory tactics. We find no evidence that having supportive allied spectators behind the goal provides astrategic advantage. This implies that elite professionals in this domain can effectively screen out crowd-induced distractions when performing under extreme stress. Psychology Economics Decision Making Butler, David Singleton, Carl Dataset doi:10.17632/k5dp6k9xp6.1 oai:data.mendeley.com/k5dp6k9xp6.1 Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0 https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/k5dp6k9xp6 2026-09-03T21:08:00Z