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    <responseDate>2026-10-15T15:24:14Z</responseDate>
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            <header>
                <identifier>oai:data.mendeley.com/mgv2n2vcb9.3</identifier>
                <datestamp>2025-09-29T08:00:09Z</datestamp>
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    <dc:creator>Tan, Jun Chen</dc:creator>
    <dc:title>A Bilingual Malay-English Social Media Dataset for Binary Hate Speech Detection</dc:title>
    <dc:publisher>Mendeley Data</dc:publisher>
    <dc:description>This dataset consists of 26,985 bilingual Malay-English social media posts curated for binary hate speech detection tasks. The data are collected and processed from five publicly available sources: HateXplain (English), HateM (Malay), Toxicity-Small (Malay), Snapshot-Twitter-2022 (Malay), and Supervised-Twitter (Malay). Among them, HateXplain, HateM, and Toxicity-Small contain manually annotated labels, while Snapshot and Supervised-Twitter are pseudo-labeled using a custom pipeline.

Each entry includes cleaned social media text, a binary hate speech label (0 = non-hate, 1 = hate), language code (en for English, ms for Malay), and the original source. The dataset is balanced across classes, with 14,642 non-hate and 12,343 hate-labeled entries. Language distribution includes 13,609 English and 13,376 Malay-language texts.

Preprocessing is conducted separately for each language. Malay-language texts underwent spelling correction, slang normalisation, placeholder standardisation (&lt;user&gt;, &lt;number&gt;), and translation filtering using Malaya NLP tools and custom-built dictionary (malayslangdict.py in slang_dictionary_custom folder). English texts are processed using Ekphrasis to handle social media-specific patterns, emojis, hashtags, and slang. Low-quality or duplicate entries are removed to ensure the data quality. The dataset is stored in CSV format (UTF-8) and is suitable for training and evaluating multilingual and low-resource hate speech detection models.</dc:description>
    <dc:subject>Computer Science</dc:subject>
    <dc:subject>Natural Language Processing</dc:subject>
    <dc:contributor>Ong, Lee-Yeng</dc:contributor>
    <dc:type>Dataset</dc:type>
    <dc:identifier>doi:10.17632/mgv2n2vcb9.3</dc:identifier>
    <dc:identifier>oai:data.mendeley.com/mgv2n2vcb9.3</dc:identifier>
    <dc:rights>Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</dc:rights>
    <dc:rights>http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</dc:rights>
    <dc:relation>https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/mgv2n2vcb9</dc:relation>
    <dc:date>2025-09-29T08:00:09Z</dc:date>
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