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Pump-jet propulsors are widely used in underwater vehicles such as submarines due to their advantages of high efficiency and low noise. In this paper, the wake dynamics of a pre-swirl stator pump-jet propulsor is numerically investigated using the improved delayed detached eddy simulation method and sliding mesh method. The phase-averaged and instantaneous wake fields are analyzed. The evolution mechanisms of tip leakage vortex are revealed with volume rendering technique and spectral analysis. The results show that the wake exhibits a serrated high-speed region, and its stable extension range expands with the increase of the advance ratio. Moreover, the short-wave instability is found to be the primary mechanism of vortex breakdown. Power spectrum analysis shows that there are distinct peak values at the blade passing frequency and its harmonics in the rotor region. Under zero inflow condition, the rapid breakdown of the vortex system makes the energy migrate to a wider frequency band, which may increase the risk of resonance. The study reveals the evolution of the multi-scale vortex structures in the wake field of the pump-jet propulsor and provides important support for the design and optimization of pump-jet propulsor.

This dataset contains anonymized survey responses from 685 university students in Indonesia regarding their perceptions of peer evaluation processes in higher education. It includes 26 five-point Likert-scale items covering perceived evaluation accuracy, fairness, evaluation activities, learning benefits, and attitudes toward peer evaluation, accompanied by a codebook and descriptive statistics.

This repository contains replication materials for the manuscript “Who Bears the Hidden Time Cost? Children’s Water and Firewood Collection, Socioeconomic Inequality, and Rainfall Variability in Bangladesh.” The study examines children’s participation in water collection and firewood collection, the weekly time burden associated with these unpaid household activities, socioeconomic inequalities in that burden, and its relationship with short-run rainfall variability in Bangladesh. The empirical analysis combines the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) 2019 and 2025 with district-level precipitation information derived from the Climate Hazards Center InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS). The analysis uses the MICS selected-child age 5–17 modules together with relevant household characteristics. Child-level outcomes include participation in water collection and firewood collection, weekly hours spent on each activity, their combined weekly time burden, and indicators of relatively high time burdens. Socioeconomic gradients are examined using household wealth information when available. Rainfall exposure is linked to the timing and district of each child interview. With daily CHIRPS data, the preferred exposure measure is rainfall accumulated over the seven days ending on the day before the interview, standardized relative to district-by-calendar-month rainfall climatology. The workflow also constructs lower- and upper-tail rainfall indicators and alternative 14-day and 30-day exposure measures for robustness analysis. The statistical workflow includes descriptive analyses, wealth-gradient comparisons, multivariable regression models, heterogeneity analyses, mechanism-oriented specifications, and rainfall-exposure robustness checks. The analysis is observational; estimated relationships between rainfall variability and children’s collection activities or time burdens should therefore be interpreted as conditional associations rather than automatically as causal effects. The public replication archive contains Stata 14-compatible harmonization and analysis code, input-variable schemas, source-provenance documentation, aggregate-output procedures, privacy-preserving diagnostics, reproducibility documentation, and a file-integrity manifest. Respondent-level Bangladesh MICS 2019 and 2025 microdata and locally generated child-level analytical datasets are not redistributed. Full execution requires authorized MICS inputs and a district-level CHIRPS rainfall file matching the documented schema. The package does not reconstruct the upstream geospatial extraction from native CHIRPS imagery to district-level rainfall data.

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a rapidly increasing global threat that can disrupt the behaviour of marine organisms through both top-down and bottom-up effects, impacting key processes such as predation and herbivory. At the same time, global ocean warming is having profound impacts on critical behaviours across a wide range of taxa. In urbanised coastal habitats, where these stressors are likely to co-occur, the combined impacts of light pollution and warming are predicted to significantly alter marine ecosystems through changes in the behaviour of key consumers, such as sea urchins. We investigated the impacts of light pollution and warming, over 9 weeks, on the behaviour of the diadematid sea urchin Centrostephanus rodgersii which normally shelters during the day and forages at night. At the start of the experiment (1 week), ALAN and warming increased nighttime sheltering behaviour. The effect of warming appeared to reduce over time while effects of ALAN persisted, particularly in ambient treatments. While we found no effects on daytime behaviour in the first week of experiment, by the end of the experiment, under ambient temperatures, we saw reduced daytime sheltering of urchins in ALAN treatments. Altered behaviour patterns due to ALAN and warming could impact the ecological role of urchins, with consequences for benthic marine communities.

This dataset contains questionnaire responses from 1,062 employed parents in China, including 748 mothers and 314 fathers. Data were collected in May 2024. The variables cover parental burnout, work–family conflict, family–work conflict, psychological control, behavioral control, parental neglect, parental violence, and parental rejection. The data support the network analyses reported in the accompanying study.

Abaqus model files, STL model files, and experimental test data

Digital consumer credit in emerging markets increasingly reaches households through social media influencers and referral schemes, raising concerns about over-indebtedness at a time when regulators are only beginning to supervise platform lending. Yet studies of peer-to-peer (P2P) borrowing still treat social influence as a single force, leaving unclear which sources move borrowers and through which psychological route. This study aims to examine how the expertise and trustworthiness of key opinion leaders (KOLs), the authenticity of key opinion consumers (KOCs) and the credibility of referrals shape platform trust, attitude and borrowing intention, and whether digital financial literacy limits these effects. The study applies PLS-SEM to survey data from 350 Vietnamese borrowers and prospective borrowers collected during the regulatory sandbox period. Both KOL facets raised trust, attitude and intention with statistically comparable weight. KOC authenticity acted mainly through attitude and directly on intention, with at most a weak effect on trust, whereas referral credibility influenced intention only through trust and attitude. The model explained 49.2 per cent of the variance in intention and showed high out-of-sample predictive power. Digital financial literacy improved attitude but moderated none of the eight source effects. The findings indicate that borrower literacy alone cannot safeguard against promotion-driven borrowing and support disclosure rules for sponsored and incentivised lending promotion in emerging credit markets.

The Fe/Al ratios of the red matrix range from 0.54 to 1.49 (mean = 0.85), substantially higher than those of the white reticular veins, which ranges from 0.13 to 0.53 (mean = 0.27). With decreasing reticulation intensity, Fe/Al decreases in the red matrix but increases in the white reticular veins, resulting in a progressively smaller contrast between the two domains. At 0.5 m depth, their Fe/Al ratios become nearly indistinguishable. The δ56Fe values of the red matrix range from -0.05‰ to 0.21‰ (mean = 0.00‰), whereas those of the white reticular veins range from 0.08‰ to 0.48‰ (mean = 0.33‰). With decreasing reticulation intensity, δ56Fe of the red matrix increases slightly, whereas that of the white r reticular veins decreases markedly. Consequently, the isotopic contrast between the two domains progressively diminishes upward, with their δ56Fe values approaching the average upper continental crust value of 0.09‰ at 0.5 m depth . TOC ranges from 0.07% to 0.19% in the red matrix (mean = 0.10%) and from 0.04% to 0.23% in the white reticular veins (mean = 0.10%). TOC becomes increasingly heterogeneous with the development of reticulation. However, strongly reticulated horizons are characterized by relatively low TOC contents in the white reticular veins, whereas weakly reticulated horizons show relatively lower TOC contents in the red matrix. The δ13Corg values of the red matrix range from -26.0‰ to -19.6‰ (mean = -24.2‰), whereas those of the white reticular veins range from -26.0‰ to -19.1‰ (mean = -24.6‰). With increasing reticulation intensity, δ13Corg values of both domains generally decrease. In weakly reticulated horizons, the red matrix and white reticular veins show comparable δ13Corg values, whereas in strongly reticulated horizons, the white reticular vein is characterized by δ13Corg values approximately 0.8‰ lower than those of the red matrix.

This dataset contains the experimental data used to evaluate the effects of vermicompost and biochar amendments on acidic red soil

Online Data Supplement: The online supplement provides additional details on the RNA sequencing platform and sample processing, study population selection, candidate gene selection, CT acquisition and fibrosis extent scoring, transbronchial biopsy and BAL procedures, and statistical analysis. It also includes a supplemental table detailing the distribution of final multidisciplinary diagnoses according to HRCT pattern.