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Aerobic composting is an effective technology for resource utilization of chicken manure, yet severe reactive nitrogen emissions (NH3 and N2O) during composting lead to significant nitrogen loss and secondary environmental pollution. Natural or semi-processed additives have emerged as promising materials for nitrogen retention and reduction of nitrogen emissions in composting process. In contrast, the systematic comparison of nitrogen retention efficiency and the differentiated microbial regulatory mechanisms of light calcium carbonate (LCC), oyster shell powder (OSP), and herbaceous peat (HP) in chicken manure composting remains unclear. In this study, a composting experiment with chicken manure and wheat straw was conducted, with 5% LCC, OSP, or HP added. Results showed that all three additives effectively optimized composting physicochemical microenvironment, indicating the compost reached a mature state without phytotoxicity. Among them, HP exhibited the greatest reductions in cumulative NH3 and N2O emissions, by 27.23% and 36.03%, respectively, compared with CK, followed by OSP and LCC. All additives inhibited the expression of nitrogen-cycling functional genes, with OSP and HP showing greater suppression of nitrification genes (AOA-amoA, AOB-amoA), and LCC exerting the strongest inhibitory effect on denitrification genes (nirK, nosZⅠ). HP had the most complex bacterial co-occurrence network and balanced fungal interspecific competition and cooperation, while LCC enriched aerobic functional bacteria and OSP adapted to alkali-tolerant microorganisms. The regulatory mechanisms of the three additives for nitrogen retention were distinct: LCC improved compost aeration to inhibit anaerobic denitrification; OSP regulated pH and adsorbed NH4+-N; and HP achieved stage-specific synergistic regulation of the nitrogen cycle through the dual advantages of humic components and a porous structure. This study clarifies the effects of nitrogen retention and microbial mechanisms of LCC, OSP, and HP in chicken manure composting, and provides theoretical insights and technical guidance for selecting and applying efficient, sustainable natural additives in livestock manure composting.

This dataset provides the raw and derived data used in the manuscript “Pore-scale insights into the mechanisms of tunnel erosion in loess revealed by X-ray micro-CT”. The data include 3D reconstructed pore structure data, pore morphological parameters, disintegration experimental results, and associated analytical outputs. These materials support the investigation of how pore architecture, pore connectivity, and preferential flow paths influence hydraulic behavior and the initiation of tunnel erosion in loess. The dataset can be used for verification of the reported results and for further research on soil structure, erosion processes, and loess geomorphology.

Western blot analysis of TNIK and α-tubulin in washed platelets from Tnik fl/fl and Pf4-Tnik-/- mice.

This replication package provides all the publicly available data, code, and instructions required to reproduce the main empirical results of the above-mentioned research paper. The package is designed to facilitate transparency and enable independent verification of all statistical findings reported in the study.

These are the supplementary data for this paper.

The dataset consisted of 230 adult pornography users (97 women, 133 men; M age = 25.84 years, SD = 10.75, range = 18–64) who completed the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale and rated 12 images depicting athletes in sexy sports clothing, alongside demographic and pornography-use variables. It was used to examine how problematic pornography consumption relates to the sexualized perception of sports clothing, exercise status, gender, age, and pornography-use frequency.

Steps to replicate the tables and figures in “How Natural Disasters Affect Insurance Decisions” by Yen-Chih, Chen, Yi-Fan, Chen, Jin-Lung, Peng, and Chen-Hsu, Liao. Last updated: February 13, 2026

These datasets are merged to construct a city-level panel covering 2004–2019. The sample is processed as follows: (1) all data are harmonized to China’s 2019 administrative divisions; (2) observations with missing values for key variables are removed to form a balanced panel required for spatial estimation; and (3) continuous variables are winsorized at the 1st and 99th percentiles to mitigate extreme values. The final sample contains 195 cities and 3,120 city–year observations. Data are obtained from multiple sources. Urban tourism revenue and tourist arrivals are from the CEIC database. Urban agglomeration policy information is manually compiled from official government documents. Airport data are obtained from the Civil Aviation Administration of China, and information on national 5A scenic attractions is sourced from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of China. Climate data on temperature and precipitation come from the China Surface Climate Daily Dataset (V3.0) provided by the National Meteorological Science Data Centre, while PM2.5 data are drawn from the MERRA-2 reanalysis dataset released by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Other control variables are mainly obtained from the China City Statistical Yearbook and CEIC.

he data collected from nucleus herd maintained in the Bargur Cattle Research Station for the conservation purpose