mood induction and autobiographical memory, social problem solving and verbal fluency
Description
Mood and AMS = 44 participants completed the autobiographical memory test (AMT) and a measure of executive function (letter and category fluency) before and after undergoing a positive or negative mood induction. They also rated their happy and sad moods pre and post MI and completed the Beck Depression Inventory to control for ongoing depression. The variables of interest were proportion of specific memories retrieved in response to positive and negative cues on the AMT, the ratings of mood, and the number of words generated on the fluency tasks. These measures were taken pre and post the MI. We also calculated change scores pre to post MI. Mood and SPS = 40 participants completed the means end problem solving task (MEPS) and a measure of executive function (letter and category fluency) before and after undergoing a positive or negative mood induction. They also rated their happy and sad moods pre and post MI and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale to control for ongoing depression. The variables of interest were the number of relevant solutions (referred to as means) generated in response to the MEPS scenarios, the rated effectiveness of these means, the ratings of mood, and the number of words generated on the fluency tasks. These measures were taken pre and post the MI. We also calculated change scores pre to post MI.
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Analysis of the data in Mood and AMS file Rated sadness and happiness were analysed using separate 2 (mood induction group: happiness vs sadness) x 4 (time of rating; pre-MI, post MI, post AMT2 and end of study) mixed factorial ANOVA. Follow ups analyses were conducted with paired and independent t-tests. Mean retrieval times (in seconds) and proportion of specific memories from the autobiographical memory test were analysed using 2 (mood induction group; happiness vs sadness) x 2 (time; pre- vs post-mood induction) x 2 (cue valence; positive vs negative) mixed factorial ANOVA, with BDI score (on day of taking part in mood induction study) entered as a covariate. Follow up analyses were conducted using paired and independent t-tests. Relationships between variables were conducted using Spearman tests, partialling out the influence of state depression (BDI scores) A hierarchical regression to predict change in memory specificity pre- to post MI was conducted with change in executive function (letter fluency) at step 1 and change in happiness at step 2 in order to determine if the change in happy mood predicted change memory specificity having controlled for change in executive function (letter fluency) - note ranked data were used in this analysis Analysis of the Mood and SPS The number and effectiveness of relevant solutions (means) generated on the MEPS, the ratings of happiness and sadness, and the number of words generated on the category and letter fluency tasks were analysed using separate 2 (mood induction group; happy vs sad) x 2(time; pre- vs post- mood induction) mixed factorial ANOVA. Follow up analyses were conducted using paired and independent t-tests. The relationships between factors were examined using Spearman tests. A hierarchical regression to predict change in the number of relevant means generated on the MEPS (pre- to post MI) was conducted with change in executive function (letter fluency) at the first level and change in sadness at the second level to establish if change in mood predicted change in social problem solving once the change in executive function had been controlled - note ranked data were used in this analysis AMS= autobiographical memory specificity; AMT- autobiographical memory test; MI= mood induction; SPS = social problem solving; MEPS - means end problem solving task; BDI= Beck Depression Inventory; HADS= Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale