Nodule and sediment data from the Central Basin of the South China Sea

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Supplementary tables 1-5: Measured data for 9 samples and standard samples of ferromanganese nodules from the Central Basin of the South China Sea and 10 samples and standard samples of sediments.

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Niine nodule samples from 2 sites were analyzed for chemical composition. Major and some trace elements (Fe, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, P2O5, TiO2, Na2O, K2O, MgO, Zn, V, Sr, Zr, Ba, Pb) were determined by Axios X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), in accordance with International Seabed Authority requirements and National Standard of the People's Republic of China (GB/T 17229-1998). The remaining trace and rare earth elements were determined via ICP‒MS (ThermoFisher XSeries2), according to GB/T 20259-2006. The data were corrected using internal calibrations and ferromanganese nodule standards (GBW07339, GBW07337, GBW07295, GBW07296, and GBW07249) to ensure that the analytical precision was better than 2% RSD (Table S1). Ten sediment samples from 5 sites were analyzed for chemical composition. Approximately 0.6 g of each sample and 6.0 g of a mixed flux of Li2B4O7-LiBO2-LiF were melted at high temperature to form glass disk, which major and some trace elements (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, MnO, TiO2, P2O5, Cr, and Zr) were then quantitatively analyzed by XRF (Axios). The detailed steps can be found in the GB/T 14506.28-2010. Some trace elements (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, V, and Ba) were tested by acid dissolution of the samples using ICP-OES (Optima 8300). The remaining trace and rare earth elements were determined via ICP‒MS (ThermoFisher XSeries2), according to GB/T 20259-2006. The data were corrected using internal calibrations and ferromanganese nodule standards (GBW07309, GBW07310, GBW07314, GBW07333, GBW07335, and GBW07336) to ensure that the analytical precision was better than 5% RSD (Table S2). The chemical compositions of the 9 nodules from 2 sites are listed in Table S3. The chemical composition of 10 sediments from 5 sits is presented in Table S4. The detrital mineral compositions of 10 sediments are shown in Table S5.

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