Signal processing of quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities
Description
"We hypothesized that (1) correlation of (A) the output of instrumentation to generate quantitative continuous measurements of movements and (B) the quantitative measurements of trained examiners using structured ratings of movements would generate the tools to differentiate the movements of (A) Parkinson's disease (PD), (B) parkinsonian syndromes, and health, and (2) continuous quantitative measurements of movements would improve the ratings generated by visual observations of trained raters, and provide pathognomonic signatures to identify PD and parkinsonian syndromes" (Harrigan, et al., Quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities, 2020). "A protocol for a low-cost quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities of people with PD (McKay, et al., 2019) was administered to people with PD and multiple system atrophy-parkinsonian type (MSA-P) and age- and sex-matched healthy control participants" (Harrigan, et al., Quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities, 2020). The protocol and data have been described (Brasic, et al., 2020; Harrigan, et al., 2020a,b; Mckay, et al., 2019). "Healthy control participants were matched for age and sex with participants with PD. Participants with PD completed a single test session . . . , a test and a retest session . . . , or a test and two retest sessions . . . . HC participants completed test and retest sessions . . . . A participant with MSA-P . . . completed a test session" (Harrigan, et al., Quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities, 2020). Fourteen trained raters who were certified in the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) (Goetz, et al., 2008) were presented the output of the ten participants with PD who completed a single test session. Raters were presented two sets of 40 quizzes containing five representations for scoring of (A) output signals and FFTs and (B) CWTs. Each quiz contained contains the panels of the x, y, and z representations of the finger and wrist or the toe and ankle of the five repetitive tasks. Each panel to be scored included six images corresponding to the signals of the three dimensions of the two accelerometers on a single extremity. The laterality of the representations was not stated. Raters were presented five sets of six images of the original signal and the fast Fourier transform (FFT) or the continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs). Raters were presented either five panels of output signals and FFTs or CWTs. Panels did not include output signals and FFTs and CWTs simultaneously. Raters were instructed to score (A) output signals and FFTs and (B) CWTs analogously to the clinical coding forms as indicated the the instructions in the data. Raters were asked to complete ratings independently at convenient times during the week. Data can be compared and contrasted to comparable data from other locations.
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Steps to reproduce
The protocol and data have been described (Brasic, et al., 2020; Harrigan, et al., 2020a,b; Mckay, et al., 2019). A protocol for a low-cost quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities of people with PD (Goetz, et al., 2003; McKay, et al., 2019) was administered to people with PD , a man with MSA-P, and age- and sex-matched healthy control participants. Output signals from instrumentation were converted into fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) and continuous wavelet transforms (CWTs) (Matlab). "Examiners are certified by the International Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Society in the administration and scoring of the Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) (Goetz, et al., 2008)" (Harrigan, et al., Quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities, 2020). "The examiner scores clinical ratings live using the coding form for a low-cost quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities of people with Parkinson's disease (McKay, et al., 2019). The clinical ratings occur at the same time that the quantitative continuous measurements of movements are recorded by the instrumentation. After administering each item on the protocol, the examiner scores the coding form. Additionally the examiner encircles on the coding forms the specific abnormality observed and notes the laterality by writing "L" or "R (Harrigan, et al., Quantitative continuous measurement of movements in the extremities, 2020). Fourteen trained raters were presented the output of the ten participants with PD who completed a single test session. Raters were presented two sets of 40 quizzes containing representations of (A) signals and FFTs and (B) CWTs. Each quiz contained contains the panels of the x, y, and z representations of the finger and wrist or the toe and ankle of the five repetitive tasks. Raters were instructed to score (A) the raw trace and the FFTs and (B) the CWTs of each participant according to a modification of the MDS-UPDRS (Goetz, et al., 2008) using the attached instructions. Quizzes were presented for either five trace and FFT representations or five CWT representations. Panels were presented with random numbers. Raters were asked to complete in a week the scoring of each set of 40 quizzes independently using the instructions in the data. Although they were encouraged to complete all ratings in a single session, they were allowed to use the entire week. They were allowed to take as much time as they wanted to complete each score. They were allowed to return to change scores. In the following week raters completed missing and erroneous entries.