Changes of dietary intake during the restrictions of Covid-19 pandemic
Description
The global pandemic of Corona and its following restrictions in different countries led to changes in people's lifestyles, including food and dietary intakes. This systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to investigate the current evidence about changes in dietary intakes of adults during the COVID-19 period compared to pre time. The PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched according to a structured search strategy since November 2019 to January 2022. This study (PROSPERO: CRD42022313653) followed the PRISMA guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was applied for assessing the risk of bias of included observational studies. Out of 49,453 studies were retrieved, 29 of them were included in meta-analysis and systematic review sections, then changes in dietary intakes (including both the frequency and the amount of consumption) were categorized in to two time periods; during the COVID-19 pandemic and during the lockdown. Energy, carbohydrate, fat and fiber intake decreased significantly during Corona restriction (CI: -389.79, -32.08 Kcal/day, CI: -72.11, -25.43 g/day, CI: -16.25, -6.09 g/day and CI: -9.00, -3.70 g/day, respectively). There was a non-significant reduction in energy, carbohydrate, fat and fiber intake during Corona Lockdown. Protein intake decreased significantly during Corona restriction (CI: -38.38, -9.59 g/day) and also during the lockdown (CI: -39.09, -2.73 g/day). Fruit intake increased significantly during Corona restriction (CI: 0.07, 0.23 g/day). There was a significant increase in vegetables intake during Corona Lockdown (CI: 7.07, 19.34 g/day). Dairy intake increased non-significantly during Corona restriction and Lockdown periods.