Experimental Cavitation Monitoring Data using Protein Cavitation Nuclei and Focused Ultrasound

Description

Calibrated array element signals (in units of Pa) received using an L7-4 linear array (ATL Ultrasound, Bothell, WA, USA), where cavitation was initiated in acoustically transparent sample containers using protein cavitation nuclei (pCaN) conducted on the 15th January 2026. This dataset contains four .mat files, one for each sample of PCaN and one PBS control that was also exposed to the same ultrasound parameters. They contain the following variables: fs: data sampling frequency [31.25 MHz] t: Time axis of each pulse [s] rf: array element signals (number of array elements, number of samples, number of pulses) [Pa] c: speed of sound [1488.4 m/s] pulseLength: time span of ultrasound pulse [10 ms] recordLength: length of time for each rf recording [100 us] elPos: positions of the centre of each array element [lateral, elevational, axial], [mm] B mode images confirming sample container alignment are also included.

Steps to reproduce

Cavitation was initiated using a single-element focused bowl ultrasound transducer (H117, Sonic Concepts, Bothell, WA, USA) with a 22.6 mm circular cutout within a sample container designed to be acoustically transparent [1]. The sample container was filled with approximately 370 ul of ultrasound-responsive protein cavitation nuclei (pCaN) formulated using using the method detailed by Hettinga et al [2]. Cavitation was monitored using an L7-4 array (ATL Ultrasound, Bothell, WA, USA) aligned on-axis and 60 mm distal to the centre of the sample container. This array was used to passively record cavitation signals using a configurable ultrasound array controller (Vantage 256, Verasonics). A calibrated scattering experiment was used to estimate and compensate for the combined element sensitivity and diffraction response following work by Gray et al [3]. Ultrasound Parameters: 1.5 MPa peak negative pressure Fundamental frequency: 265kHz Number of Cycles per pulse: 2650 Pulse Repetition Frequency: 10 s Treatment Time: 60 s Receive Parameters Sampling Frequency: 31.25 MHz Record Time: 100 us References [1] J. Dunn-Lawless, D. M., Collins, A. C., Coussios, C. C., & Gray, M. D. (2025). Acoustically Transparent Sample Containers for Quantitative Cavitation Imaging. IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, 72(11), 1476–1488. https://doi.org/10.1109/TUFFC.2025.3609832. [2] K. Hettinga, B. Lyons, J. Balkaran, P. Rijal, D. Dunn-Lawless, L. Caproni, M. Gray, K. S. Suslick, C. C. Coussios, R. C. Carlisle, Cavitation-Mediated Transcutaneous Delivery of Protein and Nucleotide-based Antigen for Rapid High-level Immune Responses, Advanced Therapeutics 6 (12) (12 2023). doi:10.1002/adtp.202300102. [3] M. D. Gray, C. C. Coussios, Broadband Ultrasonic Attenuation Estimation and Compensation with Passive Acoustic Mapping, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control 65 (11) (2018) 1997–2011. doi:10.1109/TUFFC.2018.2866171.

Institutions

• University of Oxford

  England, Oxford

Categories

Funders

• Donald Porteous

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