NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS OF KIDNEY (HEK 293T) CELLS CULTURED ON SAM-COATED INDIUM TIN OXIDE (ITO)
Description
Human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) cells have been used in organoid formation and specialized applications within organoid systems; however, they often suffer from loose adherence, which limits their applicability. To improve the HEK 293T cellular adhesion and proliferation and to provide insights into the pathways involved in adhesion, HEK 293T cells were cultured on tissue culture plastic and glass substrates with surfaces modified with various self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The ITO-MPS SAM-coated substrate gave the most promising improved cell adherence and proliferation results. 1H NMR spectroscopy was used to analyze the metabolomics present in the media with and without ITO-MPS-SAM coated substrates for a period of 120 hours. The confocal microscopy images are consistent with the findings from NMR and provide a visual confirmation of the enhanced cellular environment. The metabolomic analysis yielded thirty metabolites, including two promoters (ATP and glucose-6-phosphate) and three modulators (tyramine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, and acetate) of adhesion, which were only significantly present on the fifth day of culture.