Universidades Federais no Brasil (2009-2019): PNAES, Orçamento, Cobertura, Evasão
Description
In this way, a worksheet with three folders was built. The first contemplated the budget, recording the budget volumes approved by law - nominal and real in December 2021 prices - and the budget volumes spent - nominal and real in December 2021 prices. Student Assistance actions for each of the IFES indicated by the Census variable called Social Support, comprising housing, food, transportation, permanence grant, work grant and educational material support actions. Finally, the last one stored the dropout volumes per institution present in the Census and which respond to cases of “Disengaged from the Course” in the variable “Academic Situation”. For all modules, cut-off variables such as region or age of the institution were used. Therefore, in order to analyze the research object cut out by the budget of the National Student Assistance Program, by the extent of program coverage and dropout statistics, it was decided to section the collective of federal universities by their ages of accreditation with the Ministry of Education. Education (BRASIL, 2022), prioritizing the investigation of those universities that we call brand new – institutions created after 2007, that is, institutions created from the Support Program for Restructuring and Expansion Plans of Federal Universities (Reuni).
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Steps to reproduce
We analyzed official documents such as the Annual Budget Laws (LOA) (CÂMARA DE DEPUTADOS FEDERAIS, 2022) between the years 2010 and 2021, for each of the federal universities, based on the survey of data on the approved budgets for the Brazilian federal universities, specifically for Pnaes (BRASIL, 2007b, 2010). The amounts spent on the Student Assistance item (number 4002) were also surveyed based on the visit to the Budget Panel of the Integrated Planning and Budget System (SIOP) (MINISTRY OF ECONOMY, 2022) for the same years. Regarding the collection of data related to the coverage of the social protection program for university students and the volume of students dropping out annually, an analysis of microdata from editions of the Census of Higher Education between the years 2010 and 2020 was carried out (INEP, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2022). Unlike the data contained in the LOAs and SIOP, the INEP data have weaknesses that made the analysis difficult. Emphasis can be given to the number of students who received some of the protection policies within the variable “Social Support”. There are cases in which the numbers were not informed, in others they are oversized (equal to or almost equal to the total contingent of students from the Federal Institutions of Higher Education - IFES) and, finally, those undersized (contingents close to zero). We made contact with the institutions to seek the most reliable data, especially taking into account the fact that the list of institutions with weaknesses in their data included some large universities. However, given the failure of the endeavor, it was decided to analyze the data as they are, however, not using averages, but medians, as well as avoiding absolute values for this variable and others created from it.