Polydopamine Grafting Polyether Ether Ketone to Stabilize Growth Factor for Efficient Osteonecrosis Repair
Description
Research Hypothesis: This study investigates whether surface-modified PEEK composites can enhance osteogenic and antibacterial properties, making them suitable for bone repair applications. Data Description: The data includes the preparation, characterization, and biological evaluation of PEEK composites modified with polydopamine (PDA) and further functionalized with bioactive molecules VEGF and BFP. The study involved both in vitro and in vivo experiments to assess material performance. Data Gathering: 1. Materials and Instruments: PEEK discs and cylindrical rods for in vitro and in vivo tests. Reagents and cell culture supplies (α-MEM, fetal bovine serum, PBS, etc.). Experimental cells (MC3T3-E1) and bacterial strains (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus). Adult male New Zealand rabbits for in vivo studies. Laboratory equipment (e.g., CO2 incubator, centrifuge, SEM, XPS, FTIR, contact angle measuring instrument). 2. Material Preparation: Surface sulfonation of PEEK to create SPEEK. Modification with polydopamine to form SPEEK-PDA. Functionalization with VEGF and BFP to produce SPEEK-PDA-VEGF and SPEEK-PDA-BFP. 3. Characterization Techniques: FTIR and XPS to analyze chemical composition. Contact angle measurement for surface wettability. SEM for microstructure observation. 4. In Vitro Biological Evaluations: Cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. Antibacterial tests against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. SBF immersion test to assess osteogenic activity. 5. In Vivo Studies: Rabbit tibial osteonecrosis model established via microwave heating. Implantation of PEEK composites and subsequent evaluation after 12 weeks. SEM and micro-CT scans, histological staining (HE), and immunofluorescence for tissue analysis. 6. Statistical Analysis: Data processed using SPSS 22.0, with significance set at P<0.05. Notable Findings: Modified PEEK composites demonstrated enhanced surface characteristics conducive to osteogenesis and antibacterial activity. In vitro tests showed improved cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation on SPEEK-PDA-VEGF and SPEEK-PDA-BFP surfaces. Antibacterial tests indicated significant bacterial reduction on modified surfaces. In vivo studies revealed successful integration and bone tissue repair, confirmed by SEM, micro-CT, and histological analysis. Data Interpretation: The surface modifications of PEEK with PDA and bioactive molecules significantly improve its biological performance. The findings suggest that SPEEK-PDA-VEGF and SPEEK-PDA-BFP composites can promote bone cell activity and inhibit bacterial growth, making them promising candidates for orthopedic applications. The data supports the hypothesis that these modifications enhance the material's suitability for bone repair, potentially leading to improved clinical outcomes in treating bone defects and infections.
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Materials and Instruments: PEEK composite materials of different specifications. Main reagents and instruments include culture medium, antibiotics, test kits, etc. Preparation of SPEEK-PDA-BFP and SPEEK-PDA-VEGF: PEEK samples were polished, cleaned, and dried. Samples were immersed in concentrated sulfuric acid for 10 minutes to prepare sulfonated PEEK (SPEEK). SPEEK samples were cleaned with deionized water, acetone, and alcohol. SPEEK samples were immersed in dopamine solution and stirred for 24 hours to produce SPEEK-PDA. SPEEK-PDA samples were immersed in VEGF and BFP solutions at 4℃ for 24 hours to obtain SPEEK-PDA-VEGF and SPEEK-PDA-BFP. Detection and Evaluation of PEEK Composites: Chemical composition was detected using FTIR and XPS. Surface wettability was measured by the water contact angle. Microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In Vitro Biological Study of PEEK Composites: PEEK samples were placed in 6-well plates and sterilized with ultraviolet light for 1 hour. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were inoculated to evaluate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. ALP and CCK-8 assays were used to detect osteoblast differentiation and proliferation. SBF solution was used to assess the biological activity of the material. Antibacterial properties were tested using E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In Vivo Repair Study of Rabbit Tibial Osteonecrosis Using PEEK Composites: A rabbit tibial osteonecrosis model was established by microwave heating. An incision was made to reveal the tibial plateau, and the site was inactivated by microwave. Postoperative penicillin injections were given to prevent infection, and HE staining was used to validate successful modeling. Second surgery was performed to implant anchoring materials, and animals were euthanized 12 weeks post-surgery for sample collection. Bone samples were analyzed using SEM and Micro-CT, and histological and immunofluorescence staining were performed after decalcification. Statistical Methods: Data were processed using SPSS 22.0 statistical software. Results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and t-tests were used for intergroup comparisons, with P<0.05 indicating statistical significance