Biochemical indexes distinguish native and invasive populations of bivalve mollusc Dreissena sp.
Description
Zebra mussel Dreissena sp. (van Beneden, 1835) is a well recognized bioindicator of freshwater pollution. At the same time, this remarkable invider distributed in Europe and North America from Ponto-Caspian region and expected to be more resistant to environmental challenges than native populations. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the biomarkers of Dreissena sp. reflect the local environmental peculiarities or some common preferences intrinsic to invasion. The native population of mussels was sampled in the lower portion of the river Dnipro (Kh, Kherson), and three invasive populations were obtained from the municipal pond at western Ukraine (Tn, Ternopil), and in the northern France, Champagne-Ardenne region (Der and Uckange (Uck) ponds) in June of 2021 y. The set of indexes including indexes of oxidative stress, biotransformation, apoptosis, Zn and Cu accumulation, cytotoxicity was analyzed in the soft tissues. Three invasive populations were distinguished from the native molluscs by high caspase-3 and low levels of catalase, cathepsin D, cholinesterase, total antioxidant capacity, Zn/Cu ratio, GSH. These peculiarities of redox- and apoptotic-related manifestations can promote the fast change of generations supporting the r-strategy of invasive populations. French groups had some times higher levels of protein carbonils, metallothioneins, phenol oxidase, lysosomal membrane stability, and lesser laccase level comparing to Ukrainian groups. According to the IBR calculation including 19 indexes, the magnitude of response was ranked as Der>>Tn>Uck>>Kh due to specific manifestations of EROD, TBARS and lysosomal stability. Consequently, despite the common adventages of invasive populations, IBR calculation allowed the differential assessment of local peculiarities of susceptibility.