Extraction of Bioactive Compounds Rhizophora mucronata Using Sonication method
Description
Mangrove species Rhizopora mucronata currently fruit is widely used as a processed food ingredient. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristic of fruit, phytochemical screening and rendement of extract in various solvents. Phytochemical research is qualitative descriptive using several reagents which include sample preparation, extraction, and phytochemical screening. From result of research got calculation of successive rendement to extract methanol, ethyl acetate and n-heksan is 5,38%; 3.34% and 1.26%. The results of phytovhemical screening of Rhizophora mucronata fruit extract on methanol solvent contain compounds : alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids and tannins. In the ethyl acetate solvent contains compounds : alkaloids, triterpenoids, steroids and tannins. In the n-hexane solvent contain triterpenoid Indonesia is a tropical country with abundant biodiversity. Mangrove forest is a tropical forest that helps millions of benefits ecologically, biologically and economically. Bioactive mangrove components, such as alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, tannins, proteins and amino acids, flavonoids, saponins, sterols, acid compounds, resins, peroxids and polyuronoid (Kumar, et al., 2013). Some factors that contain anti-cancer (Pandian, et al., 2012), anti cardiovasular, anti-inflammatory and others. Bioactive compounds are components derived from natural ingredients and proven to have a positive impact on health (Wahyuni, et al., 2006). Especially the bioactive components in the ingredients needed to improve health, prevent and treat various diseases, which are called phytochemicals. foodstuffs containing phytochemicals, in addition to their functions as nutrients, also called functional foods. Exploration of active ingredients from straw materials is still a lot of research. Before phytochemical screening is carried out, ingredients must be extracted using special extraction methods and solvents to obtain phytochemical material from the cell wall of the material. Various studies on extraction methods on Rhizophora mucronata have been carried out during extraction using maceration method with methanol, ethanol, acetone. The extraction of microwave methods is assisted by extraction with chloroform and acetone solvents. Extraction of sonication method using ultrasonic waves with methanol, ethanol and acetone solvents. The results of several studies above found that the sonication method is an extraction method using methanol solvent. Based on the description, it is important to conduct phytochemical screening on the extract of Rhizophora mucronata in the development of mangrove forests. Phytochemical screening was conducted to determine the content of bioactive compounds in Rhizophora mucronata which can be used for health. Sonication method is a maceration method that investigates using ultrasound (high frequency signal, 20 kHz). A contai
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This research was carried out experimentally in a laboratory. Experiments carried out by carrying out the siege process of Rhizophora mucronata. Then extraction and qualitative phytochemical tests were carried out and calculated the rendering value of the solvent extract. Rhizophora mucronata fruit siding process includes: fruit sorting; stripping the fruit skin, soaking in fresh water and changing the water until the color does not change again; boiling for 15 minutes; The container uses a low temperature with a range between 50-70⁰C to reach a moisture content of 10-11%; siege using a willey mill with a 60 mesh sieve; After finishing the tinjang fruit flour is dried again for 10 minutes at a temperature of 70 0C, so that it is completely dry and so the flour becomes sour. Sonication method extraction Extraction is done by weighing 50 grams of Rhizophora mucronata fruit flour and adding 250 ml of methanol 70%. Biodegradation and solvents were extracted by ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 50 kHz for 30 minutes. The extraction results are filtered with filter paper to remove the pulp so that the filtrate and residue are obtained. Then the residue is reconfigured with the same treatment to 3x repetition so that more filtrate can be obtained. Concentrated using a rotary vacuum evaporator at a temperature of 40 ◦C, a speed of 60 rpm, and a pressure of 200 mBar until no more solvents drip. Phytochemical test Phytochemical test of the content of active compounds with the reagent test of methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts from Rhizophora was carried out on alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, saponins and tannins. Each phytochemical test was carried out 3 repetitions. Calculation of Rendemen and Data Determination of the yield is calculated based on the formula: Rendement = (weight of concentrated extract) / (sample weight) x 100%