Omnitemporal choreographies of all five STIM/Orai and IP3Rs underlie the complexity of mammalian Ca2+ signaling. Emrich et al.

Published: 3 March 2021| Version 1 | DOI: 10.17632/9dtvhhkzdz.1
Contributor:
Scott Emrich

Description

Stromal-interaction molecules (STIM1/2) sense endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ depletion and activate Orai channels. However, the choreography of interactions between native STIM/Orai proteins under physiological agonist stimulation is unknown. We show that the five STIM1/2 and Orai1/2/3 proteins are non-redundant and function together to ensure the graded diversity of mammalian Ca2+ signaling. Physiological Ca2+ signaling requires functional interactions between STIM1/2, Orai1/2/3 and IP3Rs, ensuring that receptor-mediated Ca2+ release is tailored to Ca2+ entry and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation. The N-terminal Ca2+-binding ER-luminal domains of unactivated STIM1/2 inhibit IP3R-evoked Ca2+ release. Gradual increase in agonist intensity and STIM1/2 activation relieves IP3R inhibition. Concomitantly, activated STIM1/2 C-termini differentially interact with Orai1/2/3 as agonist intensity increases. Thus, coordinated and omnitemporal functions of all five STIM/Orai and IP3Rs translate the strength of agonist stimulation to precise levels of Ca2+ signaling and NFAT induction, ensuring the fidelity of complex mammalian Ca2+ signaling.

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Calcium Homeostasis

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