India Economic and Coal Indicators
Description
We use state-level annual data for seven major coal-producing states of India: Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal. The panel covers 2001 to 2024 yielding 24 time periods and 168 observations. Assam and Telangana are excluded: Assam due to widespread illegal mining that makes official production data unreliable, and Telangana because the state was created only in 2014, providing insufficient time-series depth for panel ARDL estimation. The four variables are: state GDP (lnSDP), per capita income (lnPC), total tax and non-tax revenue (lnTNTR), and coal production (lnCoal). All are expressed in natural logarithms. State GDP, per capita income, and tax and non-tax revenue are measured in million INR; coal production is in million tonnes. Data on per capita income and tax and non-tax revenue come from the Reserve Bank of India (2024); Handbook of Statistics on Indian States (RBI 2024). Coal production data come from the Ministry of Coal (2024); Provisional Coal Statistics (2024). Both sources are publicly available and represent the most comprehensive official compilation of subnational fiscal and production data for India.