Ocean in situ dataset of WPP 572-573 (Southern Java - Western Sumatra)
Description
This dataset contains harmonized in situ oceanographic and biogeochemical observations compiled from multiple research cruises and observational programs in the eastern Indian Ocean, particularly within Indonesian Fisheries Management Areas (WPP) 572 and 573. The dataset was developed to support the validation and assessment of ocean reanalysis, biogeochemical models, satellite-derived products, and climate studies in the Sumatra–Java upwelling region and adjacent waters. The dataset integrates conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) profiles and associated biogeochemical measurements from research cruises, including Baruna Jaya IV expeditions and historical observations archived in Ocean Data View (ODV)-compatible formats. All observations were quality-controlled, standardized, and harmonized into a consistent structure suitable for analysis using Python, R, MATLAB, and other scientific computing environments. Variables The dataset includes the following variables: Cruise and station information Observation date and time Geographic coordinates (latitude, longitude) Depth (m) Temperature (°C) Salinity (PSU) Density (kg m⁻³) Chlorophyll-a concentration (mg m⁻³) Dissolved oxygen (mg L⁻¹) Dissolved oxygen (µmol kg⁻¹) Dissolved oxygen (mmol m⁻³; standardized oxygen variable) pH Spatial Coverage Eastern Indian Ocean, including waters off western Sumatra and southern Java (approximately WPP 572–573, Indonesia). Temporal Coverage Observations span multiple years from historical archives and dedicated research cruises. Individual observation timestamps are provided for each measurement. Data Structure The dataset is stored in a harmonized observation-based format, where each record represents a single measurement at a specific depth and location. The dataset contains approximately 3.06 million observations and can be readily converted into profile, gridded, or climatological products. Intended Applications This dataset is suitable for: Validation of CMEMS physical and biogeochemical reanalysis products Evaluation of ocean and Earth system models Studies of ocean deoxygenation Upwelling and monsoon variability analyses ENSO and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) impact assessments Marine biogeochemistry research Ocean acidification studies Machine-learning applications for ocean prediction Data Processing Original datasets from CTD cruise observations and ODV exports were merged and standardized into common variable names, units, and metadata conventions. Dissolved oxygen measurements were converted to a common standard unit (mmol m⁻³) to facilitate intercomparison among data sources. Citation Users of this dataset are encouraged to cite both this dataset and any associated publication describing the compilation, quality control procedures, and scientific applications.