Challenges Hindering Agricultural Progress in Assam: An In-Depth Analysis
Description
Agricultural development in Assam is impeded by a range of challenges, including socio-cultural traditions, infrastructural gaps, and limited access to modern farming methods. Traditional practices, such as releasing livestock (e.g., cows, goats, pigs, chickens, and ducks) for free grazing outside the rice cultivation period, unintentionally lead to crop damage and reduced yields. Isolated rice cultivation by individual farmers within fenced areas increases vulnerability to wildlife attacks and discourages collective farming initiatives. Social resistance to crop diversification often results in non-cooperation and isolation for farmers attempting innovation. A lack of knowledge about scientific agricultural practices further exacerbates the situation. Farmers face limited availability and high costs of quality seeds, fertilizers, and crop protection methods, as well as insufficient knowledge of their proper application. The absence of essential post-harvest infrastructure, including dryers, cold storage, and food processing facilities, limits the preservation and value addition of crops. Furthermore, restricted market access forces reliance on intermediaries, which reduces farmers' earnings. Geographical constraints, inadequate transportation, a lack of water pumps and renewable energy systems, and unreliable electricity in remote areas further hinder agricultural productivity. Additionally, Assam’s recurring floods exacerbate these challenges, leading to extensive crop losses and soil degradation. This study delves into these interconnected challenges and their impact on Assam’s agricultural sector. It highlights the need for systemic interventions to overcome socio-cultural, infrastructural, and technological barriers. By promoting sustainable agricultural practices and enhancing farmer collaboration, the productivity and resilience of Assam’s agrarian economy can be significantly improved.