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Soil phosphorus leaching data Soil phosphorus transport data Static soil phosphorus desorption data Soil phosphorus adsorption kinetic data
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Data were processed using Microsoft Office Excel 2020 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) and Origin8.0 software (OriginLab, Northampton, MA, USA). SPSS 27.0.1 was used for one-way analysis of variance. The least significant difference was used to separate means at p < 0.05 significance level. Experimental method： 1.Soil phosphorus desorption determination After air drying and grinding, each soil layer was placed in a 100-mL conical flask, and 10 mM CaCl2 solution was added. Next, three drops of chloroform were added to each of the nine conical flasks to inhibit microbial activity, and the conical flasks were shaken using an end-over-end shaker (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at 160 oscillations per min at 25 ± 1 ℃ for 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The contents of each conical flask were passed through a 0.45-μm membrane filter (Oxymembrane, Guangdong, China), and the filtrate phosphorus concentration was determined colorimetrically using the ascorbic acid-molybdophosphate blue method. 2.Soil phosphorus dynamic adsorption determination The dried soil sample (40 g) was added to a 50-mL glass centrifuge tube (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, CA, USA), followed by the addition of 20 mL of 10 mM CaCl2 solution with 1.0 mg/L phosphorus. The solution had a pH of 8, the temperature was maintained at 25 ℃, shaken at 160 r/min using a constant temperature shaker (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the samples were sequentially removed from the constant temperature shaker after 0.5, 1, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. Next, the samples were centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 15 min using a centrifuge (Thermo Fisher Scientific), and the supernatant was passed through a 0.45-µm filter membrane (Oxymembrane) and subsequently analyzed for phosphorus concentration after adsorption. The kinetic adsorption data of the samples from the different soil profiles that adsorbed phosphorus were fitted using the quasi-first- and quasi-second-order adsorption kinetic models. 3.Soil column dynamic simulation Soil from the 0–80 cm profile was selected, and the phosphorus leaching and migration in each of the soil layers under the heavy downpour (7 cm/h - water flow speed 1.0 mL/min) were simulated, and the phosphorus runoff risk of the studied area under short-term high-intensity rainfall was determined. The study used a stainless steel column with 5 cm -inner diameter and 5 cm high. A nylon film was placed on the upper and lower ends of the soil column to prevent soil loss. Next, CO2 was introduced into the column from the bottom up to remove the air in the soil pores, making the column system stable.