Holocene geochemical data from core Tó34a, Lake Balaton, Hungary
Description
1. Dataset overview This dataset contains geochemical, isotopic, sedimentological and chronological data from sediment core Tó34a retrieved from Lake Balaton (Hungary), the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. The data support the reconstruction of Holocene hydroclimate variability, lake-level fluctuations and carbonate mineral formation in Lake Balaton. The core was collected in January 2017 from the Szemes Basin of Lake Balaton at approximately 4.2 m water depth. The analysed section represents the Holocene interval between 420–708 cm core depth. Chronology is based on AMS radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossils and organic remains calibrated using the IntCal20 calibration curve and modelled using Bayesian age–depth modelling (rbacon). The dataset integrates several sediment proxies including: • micro-XRF elemental geochemistry • stable isotope composition of carbonates (δ13C and δ18O) • grain size distribution • magnetic susceptibility • organic geochemistry (TOC, TN) • lithostratigraphic description • Mg and Ca concentrations and Mg/Ca ratios 2. File list and description Data 01.csv Age-depth model for sediment core Tó34a. Contains: • core depth (cm) • calibrated age (cal yr BP) • modelled deposition time Data 02.csv Raw micro-XRF elemental data measured with an Avaatech XRF core scanner. Elements include: Mg, Ca, Sr, Fe, Mn, Al, Si, Ti, K, Zr, Rb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb, S, P and others. Values are reported as counts per second (cps). Data 03.csv Derived geochemical proxies calculated from the micro-XRF dataset. Includes: • elemental raw counts used for zonation of the geochemical data Data 04.csv Stable isotope dataset. Variables include: • δ13C (‰ VPDB) • δ18O (‰ VPDB) • core depth • modelled age Isotope measurements were performed using isotope mass spectrometry. Data 05.csv Grain-size distribution dataset. Includes: • clay fraction (%) • silt fraction (%) • sand fraction (%) Measured using laser particle-size analysis. Data 06.csv Magnetic susceptibility measurements. Provides high-resolution magnetic susceptibility data reflecting changes in detrital sediment input. Data 07.csv Lithostratigraphic description of sediment core Tó34a. Lithology was described following the Troels-Smith classification system. Data 08.csv Organic geochemical dataset. Includes: • Total Organic Carbon (TOC) • Total Nitrogen (TN) • Total sulphur (TS) Measured using CHNS elemental analysis. Data 09.csv Mg and Ca geochemistry dataset. Includes: • Mg/Ca ratios Measured using micro-XRF analysis. Magyari, E. et al. Holocene hydroclimate controls on Mg-bearing calcite and protodolomite formation in Lake Balaton (Hungary). Quaternary Science Reviews
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Steps to reproduce
This dataset contains geochemical, mineralogical, isotopic and chronological data from sediment core Tó34a retrieved from Lake Balaton (Hungary), the largest shallow lake in Central Europe. The dataset supports the study investigating Holocene hydroclimate variability and the environmental controls on Mg-bearing calcite and protodolomite formation in Lake Balaton sediments. The sediment core was collected in January 2017 from the Szemes Basin of Lake Balaton (47.0°N, 17.8°E) at a water depth of approximately 4.2 m. The analysed sequence covers the Holocene interval between 420 and 708 cm core depth. The chronology is based on AMS radiocarbon dating of terrestrial macrofossils and organic remains, calibrated with the IntCal20 calibration curve and modelled using Bayesian age–depth modelling. The dataset integrates multiple sediment proxies used to reconstruct past lake-level changes, evaporation intensity and carbonate mineral formation processes. Measurements include micro-XRF elemental profiles, stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions, grain-size distributions, organic geochemistry, magnetic susceptibility and carbonate mineralogical analyses.