Niiya, Jiang, & Yakin (2000) JRP: Compassionate goals and dissent
Description
Niiya, Y., Jiang, T., & Yakin S. (2020). Compassionate goals predict greater and clearer dissent expression to ingroups through collectively oriented motives in Japan and the U.S. Journal of Research in Personality, (online first) doi: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.104057. (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009265662030146X) Abstract: Although compassionate goals often result in harmonious relationships, people with higher compassionate goals expressed dissent toward their ingroup, both directly (Study 1) and indirectly, through higher collectively oriented motives (Studies 2-4). They expressed dissent in clearer and less harmful ways, and were more likely to take ownership of their opinions (Studies 2-4). In contrast, the goals to project a desirable self-image showed mixed associations with the degree and methods of dissent expression. Similar results emerged in two contrasting socio-cultural contexts, namely Japan (Studies 1, 2, and 3) and the U.S. (Studies 3 and 4). Unlike interdependent cultural orientation, which involves the avoidance of confrontation, compassionate goals dissent expression to ingroup members by highlighting the benefit of dissent for the group. Keywords: compassionate goals; self-image goals; dissent; conformity; interdependence