Dataset for "Stereoanatomy analysis of the early cephalized central nervous system in a marine planarian, Stylochoplana pusilla"
Description
Platyhelminthes are a phylum of simple bilaterian invertebrates with prototypic body systems. Compared with non-bilaterians such as cnidarians, the bilaterians are likely to exhibit integrated free-moving behaviors, which require a concentrated nervous system “brain” rather than the distributed nervous system of radiatans. Thus, marine planarians have an early cephalized ‘central’ nervous system compared not only with non-bilaterians but also with those parasitic flatworms or freshwater planarians. Here, we investigated the 3-D structures of the planarian central nervous system by the use of X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) in a synchrotron radiation facility. We identified, in marine planarians, both an apparent optic chiasm (a well-known feature in vertebrates) and mushroom bodies (prominent in insects). These results suggest that the marine planarian “brain” provides a valuable ‘missing-link brain’ between those of the protostome and deuterostome, especially in the evolutionary aspects of the nervous system.
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Funding
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
to T.I.; 17K07943, 21K05772, to T.S.; 20K21429, 21H00428; 21H02520, 22K19312; and to H.S.; 16H06280, 20K06722, 22H02656; 22K19332
Takeda Science Foundation
to H.S., Bioscience Research Grants
Suzuken Memorial Foundation
to HS; 19-085