16S rRNA gene sequencing data of BAL in recurrent wheezing infants and foreign body aspiration control infants

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Objectives: Exploring the bronchial bacterial microbiota of infants with recurrent wheezing that differ from foreign body aspiration controls, and the recurrent wheezing infants with atopy that differ from that without atopy to reveal the interactions between recurrent wheezing disease and bronchial bacterial microbiota. Methods: Bacterial communities in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples from15 atopic wheezing infants, 15 non-atopic wheezing infants, and 18 foreign body aspiration control infants were characterized using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Atopy was defined based on skin prick test evidence of sensitivity to ≥1 of 12 aeroallergens. BAL was performed using a fiberoptic bronchoscope through the airway via a laryngeal mask. The bacterial composition and community-level functions inferred from between-group differences from sequence profiles were analyzed. Results: Both α-and β-diversity differed significantly between the groups. Compared to non-atopic wheezing infants, atopic wheezing infants showed a significantly higher abundance in two phyla (Deinococcota and unidentified bacteria) and one genus (Haemophilus) and a significantly lower abundance in one phylum (Actinobacteria).The random forest predictive model of 10 genera based on OTU-based features suggested that airway microbiota has diagnostic value for distinguishing atopic wheezing infants from non-atopic wheezing infants. PICRUSt2 based on KEGG hierarchy (level 3) revealed that atopic wheezing-associated differences in predicted bacterial functions included cytoskeleton proteins, glutamatergic synapses, and porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathways.

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