Provisioning Pheromone
Description
Data sheet Fig.2 shows results of observation of female-parental and larval behavior in burying beetle Nicrophorus quadripunctatus. The observation was conducted for 24 h (± 15 min) under a red light after the larvae had been placed on the carcass with a female parent. We used instantaneous scan sampling every 1 min for 30 min. Each scan recorded four types of parental and offspring behavior: (1) the offspring begged and the female parent provisioned, (2) the offspring begged but the parent did not provision, (3) the offspring did not beg and the parent did not provision, and (4) the parent was away from the larvae. Data sheet Fig.3B shows results of bioassay of the pheromonal activities of the crude extracts from provisioning and non-provisioning parents. The folded filter paper was treated with 10 μL of sample solution. As a control, the filter paper was treated with the same amount of the solvent (hexane). Data sheet Fig.3B shows results of bioassay of the dose-dependency of 2-phenoxyethanol, a standard solution containing 20 μg of authentic 2-phenoxyethanol diluted in 1 mL of hexane was prepared, and this standard solution and 10- to 1000-fold diluted hexane solutions containing it were used for sample treatments. Hexane was used for a negative control treatment, and the crude extract from provisioning females was used as a positive control treatment. Data sheet Fig.4B and Fig.4C shows results of larval growth and survival in among the following three treatments: 1) the begging treatment in which larvae were induced to beg by artificial 2-phenoxyethanol, 2) the non-begging treatment in which 2-phenoxyethanol was introduced into a bioassay device but larvae were not directly subjected to 2-phenoxyethanol, so as to not elicit begging behavior, and 3) the control treatment in which there was no pheromonal stimulus. Data sheet Table S1 shows results of behavioral observation on larvae which were induced to beg by artificial 2-phenoxyethanol (treatment 1 in Data sheet Fig.4B and Fig.4C ). At intervals of 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h (± 10 min), we observed the larval behavior for 1 min under a red light, and recorded the number of living larvae, the number of larvae that exhibited begging, and the weight of each living larva (measured to the nearest 0.1 mg).