Weather monitor dataset collected from mobile weather monitoring System in Kaduna, Nigeria
Description
DESCRIPTION: The designed weather forecast system was constructed and deployed at Nigeria Airforce Base Kaduna, Nigeria. It was able to monitor real time weather condition and collects weather parameters through a sensing device called BME280, keeps up-to-date meteorological information in a memory card, including temperature, pressure, wind speed, humidity, altitude, and precipitation. It was allowed to generate data samples at the rate of 1 sample per second. The weather system was allowed to run for seven days, with each day’s data extracted and recorded separately. The data obtained is in CSV. The weather system recorded three stages of the weather condition which are the acquiring, stable, and unstable stage. Acquiring Stage: At the initial stage of powering up the weather monitoring system, "weather condition acquiring data" refers to the process of collecting real-time atmospheric data from the weather system. This data encompasses important meteorological elements include precipitation, pressure, wind speed, temperature, and humidity. The system utilizes the collected data to create a reference point for existing weather conditions, which is crucial for initializing forecasting models. This initial data acquisition forms the basis for generating reliable weather forecasts. Stable Stage: During the stable stage of a weather forecasting system, following the collection of initial data, "stable weather condition data" denotes the dependable and consistent set of atmospheric information that the system has accumulated and confirmed over a period of time. This data typically reflects steady weather patterns, with minimal fluctuations in key variables like temperature, pressure, wind speed, and humidity. During this stage, the system has processed the initial real-time data and adjusted its models to account for any short-term variations, allowing it to generate more accurate and stable forecasts. The system’s output during this stage is providing a clearer and more predictable forecast for upcoming conditions. Unstable Stage: The term "unstable stage" of weather condition describes a period of time where atmospheric conditions are subject to abrupt shifts, especially when the ground and upper atmosphere have significantly different temperatures or pressures. During this stage, warm air near the surface rises and can cause turbulent conditions, leading to the formation of clouds, thunderstorms, and other severe weather events. This instability is frequently linked with heightened chances of sudden weather shifts, such as heavy rainfall, strong winds, intense sunshine or even severe storms. The designed weather forecasting system’s output during this stage captured four weather condition output which include sunny, windy, cloudy and rainy condition.
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Steps to reproduce
The data is gotten from a mobile weather monitoring system implementation. The device consist of the following units; 1. power Supply 2. Microcontroller Unity 3. Sensors unit 4.Display Unit 5. Data Storage Unit Power Supply Unit This unit comprises a 12 V power cable (AC adapter), an LM2576 DC-DC step-down switching regulator, push buttons, a yellow LED, and a 100-ohm resistor. The LM2576 is a voltage regulator that steps down the input DC voltage to 5 V, as required by the system components. The control unit consists of a 32-bit microcontroller, the STM32F401. The microcontroller interfaces with both the sensor and the SD card. It was programmed using the C++ programming language. implemented algorithm continuously acquires readings from the sensor unit and display unit, and transmits the collected data to the database unit. The control unit circuit comprises the SD card and BME280 sensor interfaced with the microcontroller This unit includes a component called a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). In this unit, the date and weather menu are displayed on the screen. The LCD used is a 20×4 alphanumeric display, capable of showing four rows with twenty characters per row. The sensor unit consists of a BME280 sensor, this sensor is capable of detecting more than three weather parameters-unlike many conventional sensors-including temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, and cloudiness. The BME280 operates within a temperature range of −40°C to 85°C, pressure range of 300 to 1100 hPa, and relative humidity accuracy of ±3%. The BME280 sensor includes multiple pins: GND, VCC (3.3 V), SDI/SDA, and SCL. The following outlines the pin connections for interfacing the BME280 with the STM32 microcontroller: a. GND – This is the ground pin of the BME280, connected to the ground terminal of the STM32 microcontroller. b. VCC – This is the power input pin, connected to the 3.3 V output of the microcontroller. c. SDI/SDA – This pin serves as the serial data line for I²C communication and as a bidirectional data line for SPI communication. The SDA/SDI pin of the sensor is connected to Pin 43 (PB7/SDA) of the STM32 microcontroller. This connection enables bidirectional data transmission, allowing the system to read and write weather data from the sensor. d. SCL – This is the serial clock line for I²C communication. It is an output pin that receives clock pulses from the controller. These pulses synchronize the data transmission between the sensor and the microcontroller. The display unit presents the output data stored in the database unit-that is, the data acquired from the sensor unit. The display unit circuit is responsible for showing the weather information detected by the sensor. It functions in coordination with both the sensor unit and the database unit.