Identification of Predictive Factors for Surgical Site Infections in Gastrointestinal Surgeries: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study in a Resource-Limited Setting
Description
Over seven years from June 2015 to June 2022, patients who underwent GI surgery and developed SSI were retrospectively matched with an unaffected case-control cohort of patients. Standardized techniques for wound culture, laboratory evaluation of bacterial isolates, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were employed. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the predictive factors associated with 30-day postoperative SSI.
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Study design: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the SSI rate in patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery at Al-Thora Hospital, Ibb University, IBB, Yemen, between June 2015 and October 2022. We included 525 patients, from whom informed consent was obtained. The study was approved by the Ethics Research Committees of Ibb University [ID: IBBUNI.AC.YEM.2023.75, on 03,03,2023]. The outcome variable was SSI expressed as a binary variable: yes and no. Independent variables included Age (< 60 years and ≥ 60 years), gender (male and female), ASA score ( Low [1 or 2] and High [3 or 4], NNIS index (No risk, Low risk, Moderate risk, High risk), Surgical sites ( Small bowel and Other sites), Hospital stays (< 5 days and ≥ 5 days), BMI (< 30 kg/m2 and ≥ 30 kg/m2), Residency (Urban and Rural), Educational level (Educated and Illiterate), the Antibiotic time before surgery and shaving time (< 1 h and ≥ 1 h), WBC (<10× 109/L and ≥ 10×109/L), Albumin (≥ 3.5mg/dL and < 3.5mg/dL), Operative type (Elective and Emergency), Blood loss (< 200 ml and ≥ 200 ml), Anesthesia type (Spinal and General), Wound class (I and II and III and IV), Temperature (<38°C and ≥ 38 °C), and Operative time (min). additionally, Khat chewing, Smoking, History of hypertension, History of diabetes, History of chronic renal failure, History of chronic liver disease, History of lung disease, Perioperative blood transfusion, History of malignancy, Safety checklist used, and Drain insertion were presented as (yes and no).