Data from Socio-Economic Determinants of Household Clean Water Accessibility in Northern Tanzania

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Clean water is crucial for human survival and in all aspects of living; the fundamental of clean water is appreciated by the United Nations (UN) through the Sustainable Development Goal target 6.1, to “achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all.” (UN, 2015b). To align with this a survey was conducted from February to May 2024, to access socio-economic determinants of household clean water accessibility in Northern Tanzania.

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The study was conducted in Kikwe, Meru district, an administrative ward with four villages. The main activity in this ward is agriculture. They depend on rainfall to produce and in some parts, they have drainage canal systems and rivers to grow vegetables throughout the year. The Kikwe peri-urban is largely an informal unplanned settlement with the rapid expansion of population from other areas in the Arusha region has led to inhabitants' uneven access to essential services. The ward has a total population of 10,965, comprising 3030 homes, 5689 males and 5276 females, living in an area of 77.04 square kilometers (URT, 2022). Research data was produced over the direction of questionnaires to the household head in the study area. The sample structure comprises single, widowed, divorced & separated, and married couples. The three hundred fifty-three (353) questionnaire copies were administered across, and the randomly selected households from four villages were divided, namely Nambala, Kikwe, Maweni, and Karangai, Also the interviews were used to the key informants to get qualitative data. The nine key informants were interviewed, one from RUWASA, the NAKIMAKA organization, community, and water committee representatives from the villages. The mixed method was used for data collection to get a complete view of the study. The approach was relevant for evidence like clean water sources, quality and service amount, coverage of water services, and water infrastructure services. That helps to understand whether the water is sufficient and accessible to all. The Kikwe ward was chosen because it has an insufficient clean water supply in existing domestic water points, which has led to the use of irrigation canals and rivers as sources of drinking water. The questionnaire survey considered not only males but also females in households as traditional roles in fetching water in most African countries. The questionnaire included gender, age, education level of respondents, marital status, income level, and household size. The questionnaire gathers evidence on household clean water accessibility in the field area. The household survey was conducted from February 2024 to May 2024 in both villages. Descriptive analysis includes the mean and percentage. Data were analyzed by IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer software. The use of qualitative data collection individual interviews with a confidence level of 95% and 5% margin of error against a total population size. The semi-structured interview with the checklist was established and hired to cope with clean water accessibility in a particular area. Comparative statistical analysis, including chi-square, and correlation, was used to evaluate variations in participant data, water source, water fetching responsibility, household head income, and occupation.

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