EFFECTS OF ADD-ON NÄDÄNUSANDHÄNA ON PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES AND LUNG FUNCTION IN THE REHABILITATION OF SPINAL CORD INJURED INDIVIDUALS: A PILOT STUDY
Description
We hypothesised that Nadanusandhana, a yogic technique of meditation, has an effect on: 1. Psychological variables i.e. depression, stress and anxiety (measured by the DASS 21) 2. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) (measured by a peak flow meter) Participants: People with SCI undergoing rehabilitation (n=44) at Swami Vivekananda National Institute of Rehabilitation, Training and Research (SVNIRTAR), Odisha, India Selection of the Subjects: Screening using medical records Consent obtained Randomisation of the sample into 2 groups [experimental (n=22), control (n=22)] 70 % attendance was required for the participants to be included in post intervention data analysis. Pre data was taken for both groups including DASS 21 score, PEFR and demographic information before the study commenced. Post scores were taken after 1 month of intervention. The participants evaluation tool was done at the start of the second week for the experimental group only. Findings: 1. A significant improvement was noted in PEFR of the experimental group 2. There was no significant change within groups but a greater mean percentage reduction in Depression, Anxiety and Stress in the yoga/experimental group compared to the control. 3. Weak positive correlation between the mean scores of the Participant Evaluation tool and the DASS 21 mean scores
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The clinical assessment/evaluation using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) was conducted by the admitting team and details obtained from the medical records as a form of screening. We collected demographic data using a demographic questionairre. Some demographic data (e.g. level of education) was later grouped for ease of analysis as the sample size was small. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 was translated and back translated to the local language (Odiya) by 2 different translating companies and used to get DASS 21 scores. The scores for depression, stress and anxiety are totalled in their respective groups and multiplied by 2 to obtain the final score in each domain as the original DASS is 42 item scale. Peak flow rate was measured in the sitting position using a hand held peak flow meter device. The meter was reset to zero by sliding the marker down the scale. The participant held the device between his teeth and closes the mouth around the mouthpiece. The device was held in the horizontal position. The participant was instructed to inhale deeply and blow forcefully out through the mouth. The participant was allowed to blow 3 times with a 30s rest between blows. The best reading out of 3 or 5 attempts was considered. Performance Assessment Tool was developed by Hariprasad et al. (2013), but modified for our study to reduce participant bias, commonly seen in behavioural studies. We chose 5 questions relevant to our study, which were scored on a Likert scale where 0= ‘never’, 1= ‘sometimes’, 2= ‘often’, and 3= ‘always’. Scores were totalled for a final score out of 15. Participants in the experimental group were scored on the quality of their practice of nädänusandhäna. Participants were rated at the start of the second week (after one week of intervention).