RPA in the Public Sector: A Systematic Literature Review
Description
Robotic Process Automation (RPA) is an emerging technology that has the potential to transform administrative management in the public sector by reducing workloads and optimizing resources. However, despite these benefits, the implementation of automation presents significant challenges, as experience indicates that the inappropriate selection of processes and the overestimation of their advantages often compromise the success of initiatives. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the literature to explore the state of the art on the use of RPA in the public sector, , identifying the key benefits, barriers and impact on staff performance. The search strategy used identified 318 studies, of which 20 were considered primary. The findings show that while automation can increase efficiency and reduce costs by automating repetitive tasks, successful implementation depends primarily on rigorous process selection and the digital readiness of the workforce.The organizational and technological challenges identified require strategic policies and a greater alignment between institutional needs and technological competencies. In addition, an analysis has been made of how the lessons learned in the private sector can be adapted to optimise the application of this technology in government contexts.