Prevalence of depressive symptoms among antenatal women with and without GDM: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Govt Kilpauk Medical College Hospital
Description
Research aim was to determine if antenatal women with Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have a higher prevalence of symptoms of depression compared to antenatal women without Gestational diabetes mellitus (non-GDM). The secondary aim of our study was to compare sociodemographic and other common factors associated with depression during antenatal period. A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out on 281 patients (132 GDM diagnosed and 149 Non GDM) selected from an academic medical centre. The study included antenatal women in their second and third trimester. Diagnosis of GDM was based on – Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India (DIPSI) criteria and depressive symptoms measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) with a cut off of more than equal to 11. The study group included antenatal women diagnosed with Gestational diabetes mellitus (based on DIPSI Criteria, 2 hours postprandial more than equal to 140 mg/dl), above the age of 18, in their second trimester and onwards, attending regular antenatal check-ups at tertiary hospital and able to provide informed consent were enrolled in this study. The comparative group were antenatal women not diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, above the age of 18, in their second trimester and onwards, attending regular antenatal check-ups at tertiary hospitals and able to provide informed consent. The exclusion criteria included antenatal women with a previous history of diabetes (pre-gestational diabetes mellitus), women with bad obstetric history, women experiencing domestic violence, pregnant women who refused consent, pregnant women who are severely ill, pregnant women on antipsychotic medications or steroids and women with a history of drug abuse, alcohol or smoking. Results: The cross-sectional study was performed on 281 patients (132 GDM diagnosed and 149 NON GDM) with a mean age of 26.36 (SD =4.4284). Prevalence of antenatal women with symptoms of depression in the total sample population were 28.1%. The prevalence of antenatal women with symptoms of depression in GDM group was 38.6% and 18.8% in antenatal women without GDM which was statistically significant. Overall, results suggest that depressive symptoms are more common in GDM patients compared to non-GDM patients [38.6% vs 18.8%, odds ratio (OR) = 2.72, 95% CI 1.59-4.67, p < 0.001]. Independent sample T-test indicated the EPDS score in GDM Antenatal mothers [(Mean =9.5, SD = 4.96)] is significantly higher compared to EPDS score in non-GDM Antenatal mothers [(Mean = 6.06, SD = 4.98)] (t (279) = -5.785, p = 0.000). There is no significant association between prevalence of depressive symptoms in GDM patients taking insulin or meal plan. (p value > 0.05) using chi square statistical analysis.