Vasculitis: An Overview Through Dermatological Practice
Description
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 48 individuals with specific vasculitis diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical, histological and laboratory parameters. The subjects were recruited from the outdoor and indoor of Dermatology Department, BSMMU over January 2017 to December 2019. Specific causes, types, spectrum of systemic and cutaneous manifestations and were recorded. Results: The diagnosed seven patterns of vasculitis were Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) (41.7%), Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) (14.6%), IgA vasculitis (IAV) (12.5%), Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) (12.5%), Livedoid Vasculopathy (8.3%), Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) (6.3%) and Urticarial Vasculitis (4.2%). The youngest age group was 21±10.12 years (IgA vasculitis) and the oldest was 46±7.07 years (GPA). LCV, EGPA, Livedoid vasculopathy, urticarial vasculitis were more common in females whereas PAN and GPA were common in males. IgA vasculitis was found equally in both sexes. Cutaneous findings included palpable purpura, urticaria subcutaneous nodules, livedo reticularis, infiltrated erythema, hemorrhagic vesicles, ulcer and extra-cutaneous findings were fever, fatigue, weight loss; arthralgia, myalgia, abdominal pain, bloody stool; shortness of breath, wheeze, cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, sinusitis, nasal discharge and hearing loss.
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From January 2017 to December 2021, patients of seven types of vasculitis were found and they were diagnosed on the basis of history, clinical examination, histopathology with DIF, urinalysis, eosinophil count, ANCA and radiological examination. Before enrolment in this study, an informed written consent was taken from the patients after full explanation of the purpose of the study. All data were recorded in a standard and pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire and entered systematically for analysis. Statistical analysis was performed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 26.0 for Windows (SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois, USA). Qualitative data (gender) was expressed as frequency & for all statistical tests, p-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The privacy, safety and proper treatment of the patients were ensured strictly and the prior approval of the study was taken from the Institutional Review Board (IRB number- BSMMU/2016/10817) of BSMMU.