Burnout and, classification coping data in athletes with disabilities
Description
Data collected with athletes with disabilities with the aims: : i) to identify the most salient dimensions of burnout and coping strategies; ii) to analyze whether there is a difference in the perception of burnout or coping according to the placement in the championship; and iii) to analyze whether the classification is related to the dimensions of burnout and coping strategies. Three hypotheses were raised: first, we expected to find a difference in burnout perceptions between the dimensions. Second, we expected to find a difference in the perception of coping strategies. Third, we expect that the top two places in the competition present lower burnout and higher coping strategies than the last three places.
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First, contact was made with the president of the Brazilian Wheelchair Basketball Confederation to access the hotel facilities and competition venue. Next, contact was made with the coaches of the eight teams participating in the championship to explain the objectives of the research and ask for authorization to administer the survey instruments with the athletes with a disability. Finally, contact was made with all the athletes with a disability explaining the research aims. Participants were informed that their participation was voluntary. The questionnaires (Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28) and Athlete Burnout Questionnaire) were administered in person by the first author during the competitive phase for all eight teams before or after the games, according to the teams' availability. To verify the data normality, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. As the data collected did not present a normal distribution, bootstrapping procedures performed 1000 resampling bias corrected accelerated confidence interval (95% CI BCa) to obtain greater reliability of the results, to correct deviations from normality in the sample distribution and differences between group sizes. The assumption of homogeneity of variance was evaluated using the Levene test. Considering the homogeneity of variance, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA-One-Way) with the Bonferroni post hoc test was carried out to verify whether any dimensions of burnout or coping strategies were more perceived by the athletes with a disability and to analyze the comparisons between three groups: group 1 (first and second places), group 2 (third, fourth, and fifth places), and group 3 (sixth, seventh, and last places). The correlation between classification, burnout, and coping was performed using the Pearson test. A correlation coefficient r > 0.40 was adopted as acceptable for the analysis, as it corresponds to the lower limit of moderate intensity for the correlation between variables . Effect size estimates are useful in determining the practical or theoretical importance of a given effect (Fritz et al., 2012). Therefore, the effect size used for multiple comparisons between burnout and coping was Eta squared (η2), with values 0.00 for no effect, 0.01 to 0.03 for a small effect, 0.06 to 0.11 for an intermediate effect, 0.14 to 0.20 for a large effect. The effect size and a 95% confidence interval were calculated to represent the analyses. The missing data for a burnout item and a coping item were analyzed using the expectation maximization meeting missing completely at random. Statistical analyses were performed using the statistical package IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The level of significance adopted was p < .05.