Data "Nasal and tracheobronchial nitric oxide production and its influence on oxygenation in horses undergoing intravenous anaesthesia"

Published: 19 March 2021| Version 1 | DOI: 10.17632/ny74bsvdz8.1
Contributor:
Henriette Wilkens

Description

Background: In many species a major part of physiological nitric oxide (NO) production takes place in the nasopharynx. Inhaled NO acts as a pulmonary vasodilator and regulates lung perfusion and endotracheal intubation bypasses the nasopharynx. Objective: To investigate the effect of endotracheal intubation on nasal and tracheal NO concentrations, gas exchange and oxygenation in horses undergoing general anaesthesia. Study design: Prospective, randomized, experimental cross-over study. Methods: Six horses were randomly assigned to “intubated” (INT) and “non-intubated” (nINT) treatment groups. Horses were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (5 µg/kg IV). Anaesthesia was induced with 2.5 mg/kg ketamine and 0.05 mg/kg diazepam IV and was maintained by triple-drip (100 mg/kg/h guaifenesin, 4 mg/kg/h ketamine, 7 µg/kg/h dexmedetomidine). The horses were spontaneously breathing room air. Heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood pressure, pulmonary arterial blood pressures and respiratory rate were recorded during a 100-minute anaesthesia period. Arterial, venous and mixed venous blood samples were taken every ten minutes and analysed for partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and carbon dioxide (PCO2), oxygen saturation and haemoglobin content. Standard oxygenation indices were calculated. Nasal and tracheal NO concentration was determined by chemiluminescence. Results: Cardiovascular variables, respiratory rate, PO2, PCO2, oxygen saturation, haemoglobin content, CaO2, O2ER, P(a-ET)CO2 and Qs/Qt did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups. The P(A-a)O2 was significantly higher in INT (6.1 ± 0.3 kPa) compared to nINT (4.9 ± 0.1 kPa) (p = 0.045), respectively. The nasal (8.0 ± 6.2 ppb) and tracheal (13.0 ± 6.3 ppb) NO concentration differed significantly in INT (p = 0.036), but not in nINT (nasal: 16.9 ± 9.0 ppb; tracheal: 18.5 ± 9.5 ppb) (p = 0.215). Conclusion: Endotracheal intubation reduces the nasal and tracheal NO concentration. The influence on pulmonary gas exchange and oxygenation is neglectable in horses breathing room air.

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