Physiological based Quantification of Cattle Emitted Enteric Methane across Indian States from 2003 - 2022
Description
The research is a combination of descriptive and correlational research and it is complemented by arithmetic based modeling. The research tests against several hypotheses which have been highlighted in the literature gaps. The data was collected from the livestock census of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) from 17th livestock census (census conducted in 2003), 18th livestock census (census conducted in 2008 ), 19th livestock census (census conducted in 2012) and 20th livestock census (census conducted in 2019). Furthermore, year on year enteric methane emissions have been accounted for indigenous and crossbred dairying cattle from 2014 - 2022. The data used from the livestock census is essentially a compilation of different breeds of cattle across different life stages and ages. Software Stata Version 15 was employed to clean the data and QGIS 3.28.2 was used to create data visualization graphs. To reinstate, the formula used for arriving at the estimates produced in figure 3, table 2 and 3; methane conversion rate, GEI Coefficient calculated based on cattle’s body weight and energy content of methane have been used (Thakuri et al, 2020). This formula is furthermore utilitarian when substituted with on field observations (eq (i)). Enteric Fermentation = (365 * Methane Conversion Rate * Gross Energy Intake Coefficient Based on Cattle's Body Weight)/(Energy Content of Methane).........eq (i) Net Enteric Methane Emissions = Number of Animals * Enteric Fermentation Emission factor ....eq (ii) For the purpose of estimating maximum enteric methane emitted, the upper interval is used. The parameters explored in the study are physiological and the precise definitions have been adopted from the 20th Livestock Census Manual [latest]. The emission factors have been adopted from IPCC Tier 1 and 2 model. The dataset entails enteric methane emissions from cattle through various stages of its life (i.e., as a calf (age 0-1), heifer (age 1 – 2), dairying and dry) across indigenous and crossbred cattle and from a spatial and temporal lens. Thus, a testament to these emissions across space, scale, and time. By quantifying enteric methane emissions across different physiological stages of cattle life in India, the study addresses the pressing need to comprehend the full extent of greenhouse gas contributions from livestock. Our study employs spatial and temporal analysis to mathematically estimate the methane emitted by cattle in each Indian state and union territory over the past two decades, thus calculating methane emissions from 2003 through 2022. This comprehensive approach allows us to gain valuable insights into the dynamics of enteric methane emissions and cattle populations across the country through the years.
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The research is a combination of descriptive and correlational research and it is complemented by arithmetic based modeling. The research tests against several hypotheses which have been highlighted in the literature gaps. The data was collected from the livestock census of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying (DAHD) from 17th livestock census (census conducted in 2003), 18th livestock census (census conducted in 2008 ), 19th livestock census (census conducted in 2012) and 20th livestock census (census conducted in 2019). Furthermore, year on year enteric methane emissions have been accounted for indigenous and crossbred dairying cattle from 2014 - 2022. The data used from the livestock census is essentially a compilation of different breeds of cattle across different life stages and ages. Software Stata Version 15 was employed to clean the data and QGIS 3.28.2 was used to create data visualization graphs. To reinstate, the formula used for arriving at the estimates produced in figure 3, table 2 and 3; methane conversion rate, GEI Coefficient calculated based on cattle’s body weight and energy content of methane have been used (Thakuri et al, 2020). This formula is furthermore utilitarian when substituted with on field observations (eq (i)). Enteric Fermentation = (365 * Methane Conversion Rate * Gross Energy Intake Coefficient Based on Cattle's Body Weight)/(Energy Content of Methane).........eq (i) Net Enteric Methane Emissions = Number of Animals * Enteric Fermentation Emission factor ....eq (ii) For the purpose of estimating maximum enteric methane emitted, the upper interval is used. The parameters explored in the study are physiological and the precise definitions have been adopted from the 20th Livestock Census Manual [latest]. The emission factors have been adopted from IPCC Tier 1 and 2 model. The dataset entails enteric methane emissions from cattle through various stages of its life (i.e., as a calf (age 0-1), heifer (age 1 – 2), dairying and dry) across indigenous and crossbred cattle and from a spatial and temporal lens. Thus, a testament to these emissions across space, scale, and time. By quantifying enteric methane emissions across different physiological stages of cattle life in India, the study addresses the pressing need to comprehend the full extent of greenhouse gas contributions from livestock. Our study employs spatial and temporal analysis to mathematically estimate the methane emitted by cattle in each Indian state and union territory over the past two decades, thus calculating methane emissions from 2003 through 2022. This comprehensive approach allows us to gain valuable insights into the dynamics of enteric methane emissions and cattle populations across the country through the years.