Ultrasonic characterization of the transmural tissue structure of human scalp
Description
The goal of the present study is to measure the ultrasonic properties of different layers of the human scalp. Sixty-four formalin fixed specimens were prepared from the left hemisphere of four human scalp donors from the frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal regions and in either the polar or azimuthal direction. Ultrasonic measurements were performed with the transmural axis of the specimen perpendicular to the ultrasound beam. Measurements were performed in a water tank at room temperature (19-22°C) with a broadband 25 MHz single-element transducer (Model V324, Panametrics, Waltham, MA, USA; element diameter 6.35 mm, focal length of 25.4 mm, and a beam diameter of 0.25 mm at the focus) to create parametric images of the speed of sound (SOS), frequency slope of attenuation (FSA), apparent integrated backscatter (AIB), integrated attenuation coefficient (IAC), and integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) in a plane containing the transmural axis. Thirty-two specimens from the right hemispheres were prepared and used to acquire conventional B-mode images to visualize the layered structure of the scalp. Images were acquired with a laptop-based ultrasound system (Terason T3000, Burlington, MA) equipped with a linear array transducer (12L5). The transducer was attached to a motorized linear slide that moved the transducer horizontally over the specimen while a video (cine-loop) was acquired. Each B-mode video consisted of several (>100) frames with a transducer displacement of approximately 0.2 mm between frames.
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Institutions
- Rhodes CollegeTennessee, Memphis