Data of an efficient externalities’ trade to decouple growth and volatility
Description
Methods for analysing potential impact of the optimal policies of externalities trade to uncouple growth and volatility in order to generate sustainable growth and clean production are described. Data selected from World Development Indicators have been calculated, specified and renamed as natural or unnatural resources to enable analysis with three materials developed here, horizontal multidimensional trade, vertical multidimensional trade and indeterminate multidimensional trade, essential to understand growth volatility and an efficient trade of externalities mechanism. These three scenarios enable us to determine the relationship between growth and volatility. In these cases, (αE+α’E), (βNβ’N), (aij+ a’ij), δ’’X , (αE+ β’N+ aij+δ’(X)), (αE-α’), βN-β’N), (aij - a’ij), - δ’’X , and -(αE+ β’N- aij- δ’X) are all exogenous parameters, whose sign and magnitude are crucial for determining the sign of the relationship between growth and volatility in Eqs. (22), (24), and (25). In that sens, our generated table represent intergenerational trade data. We know that Xi(t) includes two scale effects. The first is the stock of natural resources and unnatural external effects, defined by the interaction between the natural and unnatural resources, and the second is that of unnatural resources and the current physical capital. aij determines a country’s potential to adopt existing technologies. The accumulation of unnatural resources in country i is relative to these definitions. We also know that Xi(t) includes two scale effects. The first is the stock of natural resources and unnatural external effects, defined by the interaction between the natural and unnatural resources, the second is unnatural resources and the current physical capital. aij determines a country’s potential to adopt existing technologies. The accumulation of unnatural resources in country i is relative to these definitions. Thus, for the general case, where we have international and intergenerational prices leveling out, there is no growth volatility due to the general equilibrium. This general equilibrium means the produced unnatural resources "exported" to the future generation will compensate all the imports (e.g. hoarding natural resources) utilized by the present generation to support growth. In other cases, the world will experiment volatility and the choice of an actualization rate will ensure exports and imports compensation
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Data The total number of observations is 3,689. The country groupings were chosen because each group had similar intra-group production technologies. Intra-OECD or intra-developing country trade is considered international trade. Trade between the two groups is regarded as intergenerational trade. This is because the developing countries have the characteristics of developed countries from 100, 200, or more, years ago. All data are collated from the World Development Indicators (WDI).In our framework, international trade exclusively concerns trade between countries with a similar level of development. Hence, Xi(t), which represents the stock of external effects of natural and unnatural resources, defined by the interaction between the natural and unnatural resources, and unnatural resources and the current physical capital, is captured when developed and undeveloped countries are mixed in the same sample. aij, which determines a country’s potential to adopt existing technologies, is also highlighted by the same regression. Two kinds of coefficients presented in the following matrix are calculated: - Links between cross-country externalities’ trade and the couple «growth and volatility» - Links between cross-generation externalities’ trade and the couple «growth and volatility» Experimental Design, Materials, and Methods 2.1- Evidence of over-optimal multidimensional trade and links between growth and volatility Multidimensional trade is balanced by the capability of a country and a generation to adopt technology [(Wij(t)+W’ij(t) (Xj(t)+X’j(t))]. This generates positive scale effects on model one’s growth, but negative effects on models two and three (see Tables 1 and 2). In the first case, multidimensional trade is horizontal and constructive, otherwise it would be vertical and destructive. If we ignore the negative scale effects of models two and three, we can argue that the exchange of intergenerational and international goods for technology increases each generation’s and country’s total factor efficiency and satisfaction during each period (an optimal state, with the intergenerational and international leveling out of the price of goods and factors). However, at the same time, we observe a negative association when exchanging natural resources for unnatural resources through Lnx Ln(. This indicates a country’s or a generation’s capacity to adopt technology which is an important factor for overall efficiency. The behavior of the variable WijLnN, confirms this conclusion across the three models. Indeed, there is a positive multidimensional trade scale effect on each country and generation because current goods and services are indirectly exchanged for future unnatural resources along with future goods and services, and vice-versa. Table 1 : Multidimensional trade and per capita GDP growth: Panel of three decades (1980-2010)