Research Paper Dataset
Description
FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONS AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. Economic Growth (RGDP): Real GDP is expressed mathematically as: nominal GDP divided by GDP deflator (inflation). Financial Development Indicators: Credit to Private sectors as a percentage of GDP (DCPS), Broad money as a percentage of GDP (BMGDP) and The final measure of financial development is the new broad-base (NFDI) measure of financial development developed by IMF in 2016. It is a six-based index that measures the financial institution and financial market depth, access and efficiency. Voice and Accountability: it refers to the perception of how citizens of a country are free and allowed to take an active part in selecting their governments, the extent of freedom of expression, freedom of association and the independence of the media. Government Effectiveness: this measures the quality of public service, the competence of civil servants, the degree to which a government is free from political pressure, quality of bureaucracy, quality of public policy and government’s commitment ability to policies. Rule of Law: it measures the perceptions of people about the quality of contract enforcement, protection of property rights, societal respect for rules and regulations, the ability of the police and court to execute their duties in a free and fair manner as well as the probability of violence and crime. Control of Corruption: this measures the extent to which politicians, leaders and other people in public positions used power for their personal gains. Corruption takes many forms, not limited to bribes, favouritism, misuse of influence for personal gains and embezzlement. Regulatory Quality: it measures people's assurance and trusts that the government will formulate and implement sound policy regulations and activities that would promote private sector development. Polity2 Score: The last but not the least measure of institution used in this study is polity2 score developed by the Polity IV project. It is a 21-point scale ranging from -10 to 10 where the negative 10 indicate strong autocratic state and positive 10 indicating a strong democratic state. Gross Fixed Capital Formation as a percent GDP (GFCF): used GFCF as a proxy for domestic investment. Population Growth Rate (POP): this measures the rate of growth in the labour force. Population is expected to have either a negative or positive effect on growth. Therefore population increases could have a positive or negative effect on growth (Akinlo, 2016; Ferreira & Ferreira, 2016; Ofori-abebrese et al., 2017; Prowd, 2018). Openness to International Trade (TOT): openness to international trade refers to the sum of imports and exports as a percentage of GDP. Foreign direct investment (FDI) as percentage of GDP: this measures the amount of direct investment in an economy by a foreign national or group of foreign nationals. It is measured by dividing total amount of foreign invetment by gross domestic product(GDP).