Branches Without Intermediation: The Regional Economic Effects of Public Participation Banks in Türkiye
Description
Replication package for the paper "Branches Without Intermediation: The Regional Economic Effects of Public Participation Banks in Türkiye" (submitted to Borsa İstanbul Review). The paper estimates, with a heterogeneity-robust staggered difference-in-differences design (Callaway and Sant'Anna, 2021), the effect of the provincial rollout of Türkiye's three state-owned participation (Islamic) banks, Ziraat Katılım (2015), Vakıf Katılım (2016), and Emlak Katılım (2019), on provincial real GDP per capita and on a range of financial and real-economy outcomes. The headline result is a precise null on real GDP per capita, with a mechanism ("branches without intermediation") that accounts for it. This package contains two hand-collected datasets that are its original contribution: (1) the province-level branch rollout of the three public participation banks, parsed from 23 bank annual reports; and (2) the three banks' annual balance sheets (financing, funds collected, securities). These are combined with a province-quarter banking panel built from the BDDK FinTürk system and with public macroeconomic, demographic, satellite, firm-registry, employment, and election series to form the constructed province-year and province-quarter estimation panels. The complete Python and R code reproducing every number, table, and figure is included. All reported results, tables, and figures reproduce from the committed processed panel (data/processed/panel_did.csv); the raw third-party inputs are not required. Third-party series (BDDK FinTürk, TÜİK, VIIRS nighttime lights, TOBB, SGK, YSK) are publicly available from their original providers and documented in the README. The original bank annual-report PDFs are not redistributed for copyright reasons; the README states where to obtain them. Data are released under CC BY 4.0 and code under the MIT License. See README.md for a full file manifest, variable dictionaries, software requirements, the run order, and a script-to-table/figure map.