Heat tolerance mechanisms in bread wheat: Insights from flag leaves and spike tissues.
Description
Description of the data and file structure This data was collected to study the effects of heat stress during ear peep in wheat genotypes with contrasting heat tolerance (Tolerant: RAJ3765, HD2932 and Susceptible: HD2329, HD2733) on physiology, yield and yield components, and proteomics of flag leaves and spike tissues. The figures, tables, and supplementary figures in this study were prepared using the data provided in the supplementary tables. The supplementary data Supplementary Table S1-S10.xlsx Supplementary Figures S1-S6 and Methods.pdf Other publicly accessible locations of the data: All mass spectrometry proteomics data has been deposited into the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE. The dataset is available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD048499.
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This study at the Nana Ji Deshmukh Plant Phenomics Centre, New Delhi, evaluated heat tolerance in four wheat genotypes under controlled heat stress. Wheat seeds were planted in PVC pots and subjected to a randomised complete block design with four replicates. Heat stress was applied at three levels: ambient temperature (control), short-term heat stress (32°C for three hours daily over five days), and long-term heat stress (constant 32°C until maturity). Treatments began once plants reached the ear peep stage, and phenological observations, including days to ear peep, heading, anthesis, and maturity, were recorded. Physiological Assessments: Measurements included leaf gas exchange, hydrogen peroxide accumulation, pollen viability, and pigment levels. Leaf gas exchange was assessed on days 1, 3, and 5 of the short-term heat treatment, and recovery on day 12. ROS was measured as hydrogen peroxide in flag leaves on this same schedule. Pollen viability and membrane stability were examined microscopically and by electrolyte leakage, respectively. Chlorophyll content was measured with a SPAD meter, and total chlorophyll and carotenoids were quantified spectrophotometrically. Protein Analysis via LC-MS/MS: Protein extraction from flag leaves and spikes was followed by proteomic analysis at the Western Australian Proteomics Facility. Extracted proteins underwent LC-MS/MS, with peptide fractionation and analysis under controlled conditions. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using MaxQuant, with functions categorized via MapMan and UniProt. Chromosomal locations were retrieved from Ensembl. Yield Assessment: At maturity, various yield components were recorded, including grain number and weight, biomass, and post-maturity traits like productive tillers and harvest index. Grain protein content was assessed using near-infrared spectroscopy. Statistical Analysis: Two-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation on agronomic traits were conducted via the metan package, with pairwise comparisons by Tukey’s test. Protein abundances were analyzed using DEP, with Benjamini-Hochberg FDR filtering (≤0.05) and fold-change thresholds. Co-expression and trait correlations were analyzed with WGCNA. Mass spectrometry data were uploaded to ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD048499. This work offers insights into the physiological and proteomic responses of wheat under heat stress, aiding the identification of markers and tolerance mechanisms vital for breeding heat-tolerant wheat varieties.