Raw observation data of soil erosion and hydrodynamic parameters from runoff plots under different hedgerow configurations
Description
This dataset presents observation data obtained from in situ simulated inflow experiments conducted from May to October 2025 at the Xingmu Soil and Water Conservation Technology Demonstration Park (42°59′N, 125°24′E), Dongliao County, Jilin Province, a typical hilly and mountainous black soil region in Northeast China. The data were collected to analyze runoff and soil erosion processes under different hedgerow configurations and to establish power function coupling relationships between runoff rate, soil erosion, and hydrodynamic parameters, respectively. The experimental runoff plots were 5 m in horizontal projected length × 2 m in width. Four slope gradients (3°, 6°, 9°, and 15°) were set in the experiment, with an inflow intensity of 1.0 L min⁻¹ and an inflow duration of 1 h. Five hedgerow species were used, including Paspalum notatum, Melilotus officinalis, Festuca arundinacea, Medicago sativa, and Spiraea thunbergii. Bare hillslopes without hedgerows were set as the control (CK), and each treatment was performed in triplicate. Flow velocity was measured every 5 min using the potassium permanganate tracer method. Runoff depth, flow width, and water temperature were measured synchronously at 5-min intervals. Runoff samples were collected every 2 min, and sediment samples were dried at 105 °C and weighed to determine soil erosion. The dataset includes runoff rates, runoff volume, erosion rates, soil erosion amount, and corresponding hydrodynamic parameters. Power function coupling models between runoff rate and hydrodynamic parameters, and between soil erosion and hydrodynamic parameters, were established to identify the parameters with the best predictive performance. This dataset supports further research on hillslope hydrodynamic mechanisms, soil erosion processes, and the conservation effects of hedgerows across hilly and mountainous farmland areas. Description: Runoff volume, unit: g. Soil erosion rate, unit: L. Runoff rate, unit: L m^⁻¹ min⁻¹^. Soil erosion rate, unit: g m^⁻¹ min⁻ ¹^. Mean flow velocity, symbol: V. Unit: cm⁻¹. Reynolds number, symbol: Re. Froude number, symbol: Fr. Resistance coefficient, symbol: f. Shear stress, symbol: τ. Unit: Pa. Stream power, symbol: ω. Unit: N m⁻¹ s⁻¹. Unit stream power, symbol: φ. Unit: m s⁻¹.
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In situ simulated inflow experiments were conducted from May to October 2025 at the Xingmu Soil and Water Conservation Technology Demonstration Park (42°59′N, 125°24′E), Dongliao County, Jilin Province, China. Dry land and paddy fields make up 87.3% and 12.7% of the area, respectively, with corn, winter wheat, soybeans, and sorghum as primary crops. The region has severe water erosion, with 59.0% of farmland having a plow layer <20 cm thick. The soil is sandy loam (sand: 80.1%, silt: 15.8%, clay: 4.1%), with an average bulk density of 1.20 g·cm⁻³, organic matter content of 17.6 g/kg, and cation exchange capacity of 10.6 cmol/kg. Runoff plots (5 m × 2 m) were used to test slope gradients of 3°, 6°, 9°, and 15°, with an inflow intensity of 1.0 L·min⁻¹ for 1 h. Hedgerow treatments included five local species (Paspalum notatum, Melilotus officinalis, Festuca arundinacea, Medicago sativa, Spiraea thunbergii) planted 1 m below plot tops (strip dimensions: 0.5 m × 2 m). Bare slopes (CK) served as controls, with three replicates per treatment. Flow velocity (potassium permanganate tracer), runoff depth/width, and water temperature were measured every 5 min. Runoff samples were collected every 2 min; sediment was dried at 105 °C and weighed to calculate runoff and soil erosion rates. Hydrodynamic parameters (V, Re, Fr, f) and erosion dynamic parameters (τ, ω, φ) were calculated per An et al. (2012), with velocity corrected by 0.75 (Xiao et al., 2011). Data processing and statistical analysis were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27 and Microsoft Excel 2019, and all the figures were generated with Origin 2024. Prior to data analysis, the Kolmogorov‒Smirnov (K-S) test was employed to determine whether the data conformed to a normal distribution. If the data satisfied the normal distribution assumption, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, followed by post hoc comparisons using the Student‒Newman‒Keuls (SNK) method. If the data did not meet the normal distribution requirement, the nonparametric Kruskal‒Wallis test was used, with post hoc comparisons conducted via the Dunn‒Bonferroni method. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. To analyze the runoff hydraulic parameters, V, Re, Fr, and f were calculated, and τ, ω, and φ were used to analyze the dynamic parameters of soil erosion. The formulas used to calculate the above parameters were obtained from An et al. (2012). The measured velocity was multiplied by a correction factor of 0.75 (Xiao et al., 2011) to obtain V. An, J., Zheng, F., Lu, J., Li, G., 2012. Investigating the role of raindrop impact on hydrodynamic mechanism of soil erosion under simulated rainfall conditions. Soil Science 177, 517–526.
Institutions
- Jilin Agricultural UniversityJilin, Changchun