Clinical and metabolomics characterization of hospitalized COVID-19 patients during the Delta and Omicron epidemiological waves in Mexico
Description
COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and quickly escalated into a global pandemic by early 2020. As of mid-2024, it has affected over 676 million people worldwide, leading to more than 6.8 million deaths. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of COVID-19 metabolomics studies have revealed consistent biomarkers reflecting immune response, inflammation, energy metabolism, oxidative stress, and liver dysfunction. COVID-19’s impact has varied across epidemiological waves. Methods: In this study, we evaluated clinical, laboratory, and metabolomic data from 42 hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Mexico during the third and fourth waves (Delta and Omicron). A targeted metabolomics assay (TMIC MEGA Assay) was used to quantify 529 metabolites and lipids in plasma samples. The metabolomic profiles of these 42 samples were compared according to different factors such as age, gender, comorbidities, and vaccination status. Additionally, 82 hospitalized patients from the Alfa COVID-19 strain (2020) were compared with the 42 patients from the Delta and Omicron epidemiological waves. Results: Among the 21 families of compounds evaluated in this study, amino acids and lipids were the most dysregulated when comparing age, gender, comorbidities, vaccination status, and epidemiological waves. Conclusion: This comprehensive analysis enhances the/our understanding of COVID-19’s clinical and metabolic impact across different epidemic waves, aiding in the identification of metabolic factors affecting patient outcomes.
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