Red fluorescent protein (RFP): an effective reporter gene for Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of Hevea brasiliensis

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red fluorescent protein (RFP) as a superior visual marker for enhancing transformation and screening processes. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, we demonstrated that RFP enables clear, non-destructive tracking of transgenic somatic embryos without the need for substrate staining or destructive assays. RFP exhibited minimal interference from chlorophyll autofluorescence, a key advantage over GFP in this pigment-rich species. We established a fluorescence intensity grading system that allowed for early identification of transformants.

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