CLASS, CULTURE, AND SYMBOLISM: A MARXIST EXPLORATION OF KAZUO ISHIGURO’S ‘THE REMAINS OF THE DAY’
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Abstract: This article reinterprets the intricate notions of class and community through a cultural lens, as presented in both Marxist theory and Kazuo Ishiguro’s ‘The Remains of the Day’. By analyzing the ideological, political, and cultural dimensions of class relations, this study explores the symbolic representation of butlers as a microcosm of societal structures, emphasizing their roles within the rigid frameworks of class hierarchies. Keywords: Class hierarchies, Cultural symbolism, Kazuo Ishiguro, The Remains of the Day, Marxist theory, English butler tradition, Socio-economic transformations, Aristocracy and servitude. Introduction : Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day is a profound exploration of class dynamics, cultural symbolism, and societal structures through the lens of a butler’s life. The novel presents Stevens, a quintessential butler, as a microcosm of the rigid class hierarchies prevalent in 20th-century England. By intertwining Marxist theory with Ishiguro’s narrative, this study delves into the ideological and cultural frameworks that shape class relations. The narrative juxtaposes the personal sacrifices of the working class with the privilege and exclusivity of the aristocracy, revealing the inherent inequalities embedded in societal norms. This research highlights the butler’s role as both a professional figure and a cultural symbol, shedding light on the broader socio-economic transformations of the post-war period.
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Conclusion : Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day is a literary masterpiece that captures the essence of class struggles, individual aspirations, and societal evolution in 20th-century England. By portraying Stevens as a figure of loyalty and professionalism, the novel offers a poignant commentary on the sacrifices of the working class within a rigidly stratified society. The juxtaposition of Stevens’s unwavering dedication against the aristocratic privilege of his employers highlights the complexities of human relationships and the cultural significance of the butler profession. This analysis underscores the enduring relevance of class structures in shaping social identities and relationships, providing insights into the intersection of ideology, politics, and culture in a rapidly changing world.