Technostress Measurement, Development of a Short Questionnaire Version

Description

The aim of this study was to develop a short version of the Technostress Creators Inventory and to verify its validity. We chose Item Response Theory, which offers the advantage of modeling the relationship between item response and latent construct, while allowing assessment of discriminative ability. The research sample consisted of 692 participants aged 20 to 70 years (M = 40.28, SD = 11.41; 50.7% male, 49.3% female) who used information technology at work. The short version has 5 items with confirmed single factor, highly correlates with the long version, and we also demonstrated correlation with burnout and work engagement. Study limitations are discussed including suggestions for future research. This short Technostress Inventory could serve as a rapid screening method. FTS - Technostress Creators Inventory BFI - BFI-2, Big Five Questionnaire UWES - Dutch Utrecht Work Engagement Scale V - Bergen Burnout Inventory CSE - Computer Self-Efficacy

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Perform Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA): Assess the suitability of the data for factor analysis using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett's test of sphericity. Conduct CFA to evaluate the unidimensionality of the original questionnaire. In your case, the initial CFA indicated a weak one-factor structure. Apply IRT Analysis: Use IRT software (e.g., mirt package in R) to estimate item parameters. Exclude items with discrimination values ("a" parameter) lower than 1. Visually inspect Item Probability Functions (IPFs) to identify poorly performing items and exclude them. Examine individual item fit statistics (e.g., S_X2) and remove items with significant misfit (p < 0.05). Repeat CFA on Shortened Version: Conduct CFA on the reduced set of items to confirm that the shortened version exhibits a strong one-factor structure. Evaluate Psychometric Properties: Assess the internal consistency reliability (e.g., Cronbach's alpha) of the shortened scale. Examine the correlation between the scores of the original and shortened versions. Investigate the relationship between the shortened scale and relevant external criteria (burnout, work engagement) to establish validity. Inspect Item Parameters: Review the item discrimination ("a" parameter) and threshold ("b" parameter) values of the final item set to ensure they are adequate.

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